请问有人知道 Selenium(最好是 WebDriver)是否能够与已经运行的浏览器通信并进行操作吗?
我的意思是,Selenium是否能够在不使用Selenium服务器(例如手动启动的Internet Explorer)的情况下与浏览器通信。
请问有人知道 Selenium(最好是 WebDriver)是否能够与已经运行的浏览器通信并进行操作吗?
我的意思是,Selenium是否能够在不使用Selenium服务器(例如手动启动的Internet Explorer)的情况下与浏览器通信。
这是一个重复的答案
重新连接Python Selenium中的驱动程序。适用于所有驱动程序和Java API。
driver = webdriver.Firefox() #python
url = driver.command_executor._url #"http://127.0.0.1:60622/hub"
session_id = driver.session_id #'4e167f26-dc1d-4f51-a207-f761eaf73c31'
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url,desired_capabilities={})
driver.close() # this prevents the dummy browser
driver.session_id = session_id
现在您已经重新连接到您的驱动程序。
driver.get("http://www.mrsmart.in")
这是一个相当古老的功能请求:允许webdriver连接到正在运行的浏览器。所以官方不支持此功能。
然而,有一些可行的代码声称支持这一点:https://web.archive.org/web/20171214043703/http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/。
这段代码成功地允许重用现有的浏览器实例,并避免引发重复的浏览器。来源于Tarun Lalwani博客。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# executor_url = driver.command_executor._url
# session_id = driver.session_id
def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
original_execute = WebDriver.execute
def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
if command == "newSession":
# Mock the response
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
else:
return original_execute(self, command, params)
# Patch the function before creating the driver object
WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities={})
driver.session_id = session_id
# Replace the patched function with original function
WebDriver.execute = original_execute
return driver
bro = attach_to_session('http://127.0.0.1:64092', '8de24f3bfbec01ba0d82a7946df1d1c3')
bro.get('http://ya.ru/')
# session_id = driver.session_id
是使用Python Selenium API检索Chrome窗口的会话ID的方法。我猜每个Chrome会话中的选项卡没有唯一的ID。 - S.K. Venkatdriver.service.service_url
也适用于URL,并且不需要访问受保护的字段。 - Spencer Connaughton从这里了解到,如果浏览器是手动打开的,则可以使用远程调试:
Start chrome with
chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222
或使用可选配置文件
chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir="C:\selenium\ChromeProfile"
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
//Change chrome driver path accordingly
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOption("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
Python:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")
#Change chrome driver path accordingly
chrome_driver = "C:\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver, chrome_options=chrome_options)
print driver.title
是可以的。但你需要做一些“黑科技”,这里有一段代码。 你需要运行一个独立的服务器并对 RemoteWebDriver 进行“打补丁”。
public class CustomRemoteWebDriver : RemoteWebDriver
{
public static bool newSession;
public static string capPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionCap");
public static string sessiodIdPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionid");
public CustomRemoteWebDriver(Uri remoteAddress)
: base(remoteAddress, new DesiredCapabilities())
{
}
protected override Response Execute(DriverCommand driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
if (driverCommandToExecute == DriverCommand.NewSession)
{
if (!newSession)
{
var capText = File.ReadAllText(capPath);
var sidText = File.ReadAllText(sessiodIdPath);
var cap = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(capText);
return new Response
{
SessionId = sidText,
Value = cap
};
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
var dictionary = (Dictionary<string, object>) response.Value;
File.WriteAllText(capPath, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dictionary));
File.WriteAllText(sessiodIdPath, response.SessionId);
return response;
}
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
return response;
}
}
}
import warnings
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from selenium.webdriver.remote.mobile import Mobile
from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from selenium.webdriver.remote.switch_to import SwitchTo
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# This webdriver can directly attach to an existing session.
class AttachableWebDriver(WebDriver):
def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
keep_alive=False, file_detector=None, session_id=None):
"""
Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.
:Args:
- command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
- desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
starting the browser session. Required parameter.
- browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
- proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
- keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to False.
- file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
"""
if desired_capabilities is None:
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities can't be None")
if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
if proxy is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set proxy",
DeprecationWarning)
proxy.add_to_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
self.command_executor = command_executor
if type(self.command_executor) is bytes or isinstance(self.command_executor, str):
self.command_executor = RemoteConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)
self.command_executor._commands['GET_SESSION'] = ('GET', '/session/$sessionId') # added
self._is_remote = True
self.session_id = session_id # added
self.capabilities = {}
self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
self.start_client()
if browser_profile is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
DeprecationWarning)
if session_id:
self.connect_to_session(desired_capabilities) # added
else:
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
self._mobile = Mobile(self)
self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
self.w3c = True # added hardcoded
def connect_to_session(self, desired_capabilities):
response = self.execute('GET_SESSION', {
'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
'sessionId': self.session_id,
})
# self.session_id = response['sessionId']
self.capabilities = response['value']
如何使用:
if use_existing_session:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER),
session_id=session_id)
self.logger.info("Using existing browser with session id {}".format(session_id))
else:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER))
self.logger.info('New session_id : {}'.format(browser.session_id))
看起来这个功能在selenium中没有得到官方支持。但是,Tarun Lalwani已经创建了可行的Java代码来提供该功能。请参考 - http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/
下面是可行的示例代码,从上面的链接中复制而来:
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpCommandCodec;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
public class TestClass {
public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final SessionId sessionId, URL command_executor){
CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
Response response = null;
if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
response = new Response();
response.setSessionId(sessionId.toString());
response.setStatus(0);
response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
try {
Field commandCodec = null;
commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());
Field responseCodec = null;
responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
response = super.execute(command);
}
return response;
}
};
return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
RemoteWebDriver driver2 = createDriverFromSession(session_id, url);
driver2.get("http://tarunlalwani.com");
}
}
到目前为止,所有的解决方案都缺乏某些功能。这是我的解决方案:
public class AttachedWebDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {
public AttachedWebDriver(URL url, String sessionId) {
super();
setSessionId(sessionId);
setCommandExecutor(new HttpCommandExecutor(url) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
if (command.getName() != "newSession") {
return super.execute(command);
}
return super.execute(new Command(getSessionId(), "getCapabilities"));
}
});
startSession(new DesiredCapabilities());
}
}
Javascript解决方案:
我成功地使用这个函数附加到现有的浏览器会话。
webdriver.WebDriver.attachToSession(executor, session_id);
你可以在 这里 找到相关的文档。
sudo nohup /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222 &
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
driver = webdriver.Chrome("./chromedriver", chrome_options=options)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
。 - undefined
driver.close()
即可。 - Amr Awadselenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Session is already started
的翻译是:Selenium常见异常错误:会话已经启动。 - Cerin