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提升 gil 读取图像错误

c++imageboostcmakeboost-gil
4

我想编写一个简单的程序，使用boost::gil来读取和编辑图像。但是读取图像函数总是出错。我按照在boost网站上找到的教程进行操作。

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/gil/gil_all.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/extension/dynamic_image/any_image.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/channel.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    namespace bg = boost::gil;
    static const std::string resources_dir = "../resources";
    static const std::string filename = "face.jpg";
    typedef boost::mpl::vector<bg::gray8_image_t, bg::gray16_image_t, bg::rgb8_image_t, bg::rgb16_image_t> my_img_types;

    bg::any_image<my_img_types> runtime_image;
    try{
    bg::jpeg_read_image(resources_dir + filename, runtime_image);
    } catch (const std::ios_base::failure &e) {
        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

错误信息很长，不知道哪里出了问题。似乎是将不支持的图像类型传递到图像模板中，但无论参数如何都会显示 - 我也尝试了传递一种类型。

[ 50%] Building CXX object src/CMakeFiles/edges.dir/main.cpp.o
In file included from /usr/include/boost/config.hpp:57:0,
             from /usr/include/boost/gil/gil_config.hpp:24,
             from /usr/include/boost/gil/gil_all.hpp:25,
             from /home/mateusz/projects/edges1/src/main.cpp:2:
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io.hpp: In instantiation of ‘const bool boost::gil::jpeg_read_support<boost::gil::any_image_view<boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::vector0<mpl_::na>, 0>, 0>, 0>, 0> > >::is_supported’:
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io.hpp:91:5:   required from ‘void boost::gil::jpeg_read_image(const char*, Image&) [with Image = boost::gil::any_image<boost::mpl::vector<boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> > > >]’
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io.hpp:101:40:   required from ‘void boost::gil::jpeg_read_image(const string&, Image&) [with Image = boost::gil::any_image<boost::mpl::vector<boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> >, boost::gil::image<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >, false, std::allocator<unsigned char> > > >; std::string = std::basic_string<char>]’
/home/mateusz/projects/edges1/src/main.cpp:18:64:   required from here
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io.hpp:40:5: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct boost::gil::channel_type<boost::gil::any_image_view<boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::vector0<mpl_::na>, 0>, 0>, 0>, 0> > >’
     BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool,is_supported=
     ^
In file included from /usr/include/boost/gil/algorithm.hpp:25:0,
             from /usr/include/boost/gil/gil_all.hpp:27,
             from /home/mateusz/projects/edges1/src/main.cpp:2:
/usr/include/boost/gil/gil_concept.hpp:49:30: error: declaration of ‘struct boost::gil::channel_type<boost::gil::any_image_view<boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<short unsigned int, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::v_item<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t> > >*> > >, boost::mpl::vector0<mpl_::na>, 0>, 0>, 0>, 0> > >’
 template <typename T> struct channel_type;

我也是新手，自己编写CMakeLists.txt文件，因此我包含了这些文件。在主文件夹中的CMakeLists：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(edges1)

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
add_subdirectory(src)
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})

在src文件夹中的CMakeLists.txt：
set(SOURCES main.cpp)

set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)

find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS)
include_directories(${BOOST_INCLUDE_DIRS})

#link_directoires(${CMAKE_SOURCE_ROOT}/lib)
#link_directoires(${LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH})
add_executable(edges ${SOURCES})

使用read_and_convert_image会出现其他错误...

编辑：

安装了libjpeg，在src目录下的CMakeLists文件中：

set(SOURCES main.cpp)

set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
add_executable(edges ${SOURCES})

find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS)
IF(BOOST_FOUND)
  target_link_libraries(edges Boost::boost)
ENDIF()
find_package(JPEG REQUIRED)
IF(JPEG_FOUND)
  include_directories(${JPEG_INCLUDE_DIR})
  target_link_libraries(edges ${JPEG_INCLUDE_DIR})
ENDIF()

cmake命令：

cmake -DJPEG_LIBRARY:PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so --libdir=/usr/lib64 ..

制作后：

[ 50%] Linking CXX executable ../edges
CMakeFiles/edges.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `boost::gil::detail::jpeg_reader::init()':
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:89: undefined reference to `jpeg_std_error'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:90: undefined reference to `jpeg_CreateDecompress'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:91: undefined reference to `jpeg_stdio_src'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:92: undefined reference to `jpeg_read_header'
CMakeFiles/edges.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `boost::gil::detail::jpeg_reader::~jpeg_reader()':
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:98: undefined reference to `jpeg_destroy_decompress'
CMakeFiles/edges.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `void boost::gil::detail::jpeg_reader::apply<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t>, boost::mpl::range_c<int, 0, 1> > >*> > > >(boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector1<boost::gil::gray_color_t>, boost::mpl::range_c<int, 0, 1> > >*> > > const&)':
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:102: undefined reference to `jpeg_start_decompress'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:111: undefined reference to `jpeg_read_scanlines'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:115: undefined reference to `jpeg_finish_decompress'
CMakeFiles/edges.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `void boost::gil::detail::jpeg_reader::apply<boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t>, boost::mpl::range_c<int, 0, 3> > >*> > > >(boost::gil::image_view<boost::gil::memory_based_2d_locator<boost::gil::memory_based_step_iterator<boost::gil::pixel<unsigned char, boost::gil::layout<boost::mpl::vector3<boost::gil::red_t, boost::gil::green_t, boost::gil::blue_t>, boost::mpl::range_c<int, 0, 3> > >*> > > const&)':
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:102: undefined reference to `jpeg_start_decompress'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:111: undefined reference to `jpeg_read_scanlines'
/usr/include/boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_io_private.hpp:115: undefined reference to `jpeg_finish_decompress'

仍然存在jpeg问题，但是包括来自extension/io的所有三个文件并不起作用 :(

保存 Boost 包含目录的变量名是区分大小写的，叫做 Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS。如果您想链接头文件库 Boost::boost，例如 target_link_libraries(edges Boost::boost)，则可以这样做。这样做可以通过删除行 include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}) 来省略将 Boost 添加到全局包含目录路径中。符号目标 Boost::boost 包含所有必要的信息。 - vre
之前我尝试过没有使用'include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})'。现在按照您的建议，将'target_link_lib...'放在最后 - 错误仍然相同。 - Morales1235
你缺少一个包含文件。在Windows操作系统上，添加#include <boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_dynamic_io.hpp>就可以解决问题了。 - vre
包括jpeg_dynamic_io和private_io仍然出现错误，但略有不同，这促使我发现我可能应该安装并链接libjpeg。已编辑主帖。 - Morales1235
你需要链接JPEG库，而不是在target_link_libraries调用中引用包含文件。我为了测试的最小化CMakeLists.txt如下：`find_package(JPEG REQUIRED) find_package(Boost REQUIRED)add_executable(edges ${SOURCES}) target_include_directories(edges PUBLIC ${JPEG_INCLUDE_DIR}) target_link_libraries(edges Boost::boost ${JPEG_LIBRARY}) 在命令行中，我从构建目录调用cmake，如下所示：cmake -G "Visual Studio 14 2015" -DBOOST_ROOT=D:\boost\vc14\boost_1_66_0 -DJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=C:\Temp\boostgil\jpeg-9c ..` - vre
2个回答
2
您缺少了包含文件。
#include <boost/gil/extension/io/dynamic_io.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg_dynamic_io.hpp>

然后进行编译和链接：

g++ -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -pthread -o sotest test.cpp -ljpeg
谢谢！你和@vre的回答都是必需的。包括jpeg_private_io并不是必要的，但我需要dynamic_io。而且，cmake可以在不设置这些宏的情况下工作，只是CMakeLists.txt写错了。 - Morales1235
1

@sehe提供的答案对于在Boost 1.67或更早版本中发布的GIL是完全正确的。

自从Boost 1.68发布的Boost.GIL中，输入/输出扩展已被完全重写，因此您的示例需要进行调整。这是更新后的最小版本：

#include <boost/gil.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/extension/dynamic_image/any_image.hpp>
#include <boost/gil/extension/io/jpeg.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>

int main()
{
    namespace bg = boost::gil;
    using my_img_types = boost::mpl::vector<bg::gray8_image_t, bg::gray16_image_t, bg::rgb8_image_t, bg::rgb16_image_t>;
    bg::any_image<my_img_types> runtime_image;
    bg::read_image("file.jpg", runtime_image, bg::jpeg_tag());
}

值得注意的是，最新的Boost.GIL现在需要符合C++11标准的编译器。
更新：Boost 1.72将GIL从Boost.MPL移植到Boost.MP11，详见发布说明，因此应使用mp_list代替mpl::vector。
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