我正在运行一个小型 Web 应用程序,使用 SQL Server Express(2005)作为后端。我可以通过 SQL 脚本创建备份,但是,我想将其定期安排在每天运行。作为额外选项(应该有),我想只保留最后 X 个备份(出于节省空间的原因)。请指点?
[编辑] 在 SQL Server Express 中不可用 SQL Server Agent...
我正在运行一个小型 Web 应用程序,使用 SQL Server Express(2005)作为后端。我可以通过 SQL 脚本创建备份,但是,我想将其定期安排在每天运行。作为额外选项(应该有),我想只保留最后 X 个备份(出于节省空间的原因)。请指点?
[编辑] 在 SQL Server Express 中不可用 SQL Server Agent...
使用Windows计划任务:
在批处理文件中
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\SQLCMD.EXE" -S
(local)\SQLExpress -i D:\dbbackups\SQLExpressBackups.sql
在 SQLExpressBackups.sql 文件中
BACKUP DATABASE MyDataBase1 TO DISK = N'D:\DBbackups\MyDataBase1.bak'
WITH NOFORMAT, INIT, NAME = N'MyDataBase1 Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
BACKUP DATABASE MyDataBase2 TO DISK = N'D:\DBbackups\MyDataBase2.bak'
WITH NOFORMAT, INIT, NAME = N'MyDataBase2 Backup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
GO
在 SQL Server Express 中无法使用 SQL Server agent。我之前的做法是创建一个 SQL 脚本,然后将其作为定时任务每天运行,您可以创建多个定时任务以适应备份计划/保留期。我在定时任务中使用的命令是:
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\SQLCMD.EXE" -i"c:\path\to\sqlbackupScript.sql"
使用此脚本动态备份服务器上的所有数据库。然后根据文章创建批处理文件。创建两个批处理文件非常有用,一个用于全量备份,另一个用于差异备份。然后在任务计划程序中创建两个任务,一个用于全量备份,另一个用于差异备份。
-- // Copyright © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
-- // This code released under the terms of the
-- // Microsoft Public License (MS-PL, http://opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html.)
USE [master]
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases] ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: Microsoft
-- Create date: 2010-02-06
-- Description: Backup Databases for SQLExpress
-- Parameter1: databaseName
-- Parameter2: backupType F=full, D=differential, L=log
-- Parameter3: backup file location
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases]
@databaseName sysname = null,
@backupType CHAR(1),
@backupLocation nvarchar(200)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @DBs TABLE
(
ID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
DBNAME nvarchar(500)
)
-- Pick out only databases which are online in case ALL databases are chosen to be backed up
-- If specific database is chosen to be backed up only pick that out from @DBs
INSERT INTO @DBs (DBNAME)
SELECT Name FROM master.sys.databases
where state=0
AND name=@DatabaseName
OR @DatabaseName IS NULL
ORDER BY Name
-- Filter out databases which do not need to backed up
IF @backupType='F'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE IF @backupType='D'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE IF @backupType='L'
BEGIN
DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks')
END
ELSE
BEGIN
RETURN
END
-- Declare variables
DECLARE @BackupName varchar(100)
DECLARE @BackupFile varchar(100)
DECLARE @DBNAME varchar(300)
DECLARE @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(1000)
DECLARE @dateTime NVARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @Loop int
-- Loop through the databases one by one
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs
WHILE @Loop IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Database Names have to be in [dbname] format since some have - or _ in their name
SET @DBNAME = '['+(SELECT DBNAME FROM @DBs WHERE ID = @Loop)+']'
-- Set the current date and time n yyyyhhmmss format
SET @dateTime = REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),101),'/','') + '_' + REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),108),':','')
-- Create backup filename in path\filename.extension format for full,diff and log backups
IF @backupType = 'F'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_FULL_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
ELSE IF @backupType = 'D'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_DIFF_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK'
ELSE IF @backupType = 'L'
SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_LOG_'+ @dateTime+ '.TRN'
-- Provide the backup a name for storing in the media
IF @backupType = 'F'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' full backup for '+ @dateTime
IF @backupType = 'D'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' differential backup for '+ @dateTime
IF @backupType = 'L'
SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' log backup for '+ @dateTime
-- Generate the dynamic SQL command to be executed
IF @backupType = 'F'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
IF @backupType = 'D'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
IF @backupType = 'L'
BEGIN
SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP LOG ' +@DBNAME+ ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'
END
-- Execute the generated SQL command
EXEC(@sqlCommand)
-- Goto the next database
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs where ID>@Loop
END
批处理文件可以看起来像这样:
sqlcmd -S localhost\myDB -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\', @backupType='F'" >> c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\full.log 2>&1
并且
sqlcmd -S localhost\myDB -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\', @backupType='D'" >> c:\Dropbox\backup\DB\diff.log 2>&1
MSSQLTips网站上有一些非常有用的文章,最相关的是 "自动化SQL Server 2005 Express备份和删除旧备份文件"
基本方法是使用Windows任务计划程序设置两个任务。一个任务运行TSQL脚本,为所有MSSQL数据库(除了TEMPDB)生成单独的备份文件,并将数据库名称和日期/时间戳作为文件名保存到指定目录中。第二个任务运行VBScript脚本,遍历该目录并删除所有超过3天的.BAK扩展名文件。
这两个脚本需要根据您的环境进行轻微编辑(路径,保留这些数据库转储的时间),但非常接近插入即可运行的状态。
请注意,如果您在这些脚本或目录权限方面不认真对待,可能会存在安全问题,因为它们是文本文件,需要以某种级别的特权运行。请勿疏忽。
Cobian Backup 进行计划和维护
ExpressMaint 进行备份
expressmaint -S HOST\SQLEXPRESS -D ALL_USER -T DB -R logpath -RU WEEKS -RV 1 -B backuppath -BU HOURS -BV 3
BDTEST
然后创建一个包含以下命令的批处理文件
sqlcmd -S 192.168.1.25 -E -Q "BACKUP DATABASE dbtest TO BDTEST"
假设我们用名称来说
然后你可以调用。backup.bat
根据您的方便,在任务计划程序中。backup.bat