为什么这个简单的SOAP客户端没有工作（org.apache.http）？

Question

我想向SOAP服务器发送一个XML文件作为请求。这是我拥有的代码：（修改自使用org.apache.http发送带有SOAP操作的HTTP POST请求）

请注意，保留HTML标记。

import org.apache.http.client.*;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.*;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.*;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.URI;

public static void req()   {
        try {
            HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
            String body="xml here";
            String bodyLength=new Integer(body.length()).toString();

            URI uri=new URI("http://1.1.1.1:100/Service");
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
            httpPost.setHeader( "SOAPAction", "MonitoringService" );
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml;charset=UTF-8");


            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, "text/xml",HTTP.DEFAULT_CONTENT_CHARSET);
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);

            RequestWrapper requestWrapper=new RequestWrapper(httpPost);
            requestWrapper.setMethod("POST");


            requestWrapper.setHeader("Content-Length",bodyLength);
            HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(requestWrapper);
            System.out.println(response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

在此之前，我从服务器那里收到了“http 500”（内部服务器错误）的错误信息，但现在我完全没有收到任何回复。我知道服务器运行正常，因为其他客户端也没有问题。

谢谢。

- user1523763

---

“before”是什么意思？如果您发送一个有效的XML字符串而不仅仅是xml here，会发生什么？ - brimborium

请说明您是否使用IDE，如果是，则使用哪个。如果您正在使用像Oracle Jdeveloper 11g这样的IDE，则只需导入WSDL，IDE将自动生成代码。 - Fr_nkenstien

您应该发布请求的正文。如果您的XML有问题，可能不会收到任何响应。 - Err

Answer 1

org.apache.http API不支持SOAP/web服务，因此您需要以非标准的方式进行复杂的工作。该代码不太友好且不灵活，因为它无法自动将Java对象数据“绑定”（转换）到SOAP请求中并从SOAP响应中获取。它有点冗长，难以调试和工作，并且脆弱 - 您是否处理完整的SOAP协议，包括故障处理等？

我可以建议使用内置于JVM中的JAX-WS标准：

1. 将WSDL文件保存到本地磁盘
例如：<app path>/META-INF/wsdl/abc.com/calculator/Calculator.wsdl
如果您没有WSDL，则可以在浏览器中输入并将结果页面保存到磁盘：
http://abc.com/calculator/Calculator?wsdl

2. 使用wsimport命令将WSDL转换为Java类文件
对于JDK，工具位于<jdkdir>\bin\wsimport.exe（或.sh）。
对于应用服务器，将是类似于<app_server_root>\bin\wsimport.exe（或.sh）的东西。

<filepath>\wsimport -keep -verbose <wsdlpath>\Calculator.wsdl

或者，如果您的WSDL可以通过预先存在的Web服务获得

<filepath>\wsimport -keep -verbose http://abc.com/calculator/Calculator?wsdl

（您还可以包括“-p com.abc.calculator”以设置生成类的包）

像以下这样的文件将被生成 - 将这些源文件包含在您的Java项目中：

com\abc\calculator\ObjectFactory.java       
com\abc\calculator\package-info.java       
com\abc\calculator\Calculator.java       ............................name = `<wsdl:portType>` name attribute      
com\abc\calculator\CalculatorService.java     ................name = `<wsdl:service>` name attribute    
com\abc\calculator\CalculatorRequestType.java  .......name = schema type used in input message    
com\abc\calculator\CalculatorResultType.java ..........name = schema type used in output message

创建JAX-WS SOAP Web服务客户端

创建JAX-WS SOAP Web服务客户端。

package com.abc.calculator.client;

import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceRef;
import com.abc.calculator.CalculatorService;
import com.abc.calculator.Calculator;

public class CalculatorClient {

    @WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="META-INF/wsdl/abc.com/calculator/Calculator.wsdl")
    // or @WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="http://abc.com/calculator/Calculator?wsdl")
    public static CalculatorService calculatorService;

    public CalculatorResponseType testCalculation() {
        try {
            CalculatorRequestType request = new CalculatorRequest();
            request.setSomeParameter("abc");
            request.setOtherParameter(3);
            Calculator calculator = calculatorService.getCalculatorPort();
            // automatically generate SOAP XML message, send via HTTP, 
            // receive & marshal response to java object 
            String response = calculator.doCalculation(response);
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

- Glen Best

Answer 2

尝试像这样发送请求。这就是我上次做的方式：

try
        {
            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            HttpURLConnection connection = connectToEndPoint(endpoint);
            OutputStream outputStream = generateXMLOutput(connection, yourvalue, strDate);

            InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();

            int i;
            while ((i = inputStream.read()) != -1) {
                Writer writer = new StringWriter();
                writer.write(i);
                strBuffer.append(writer.toString());

            String status = xmlOutputParse(strBuffer);

使用的函数:

private static HttpURLConnection connectToEndPoint(String wsEndPoint) throws MalformedURLException, IOException {
    URL urlEndPoint = new URL(wsEndPoint);
    URLConnection urlEndPointConnection = urlEndPoint.openConnection();
    HttpURLConnection httpUrlconnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlEndPointConnection;
    httpUrlconnection.setDoOutput(true);
    httpUrlconnection.setDoInput(true);
    httpUrlconnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
    httpUrlconnection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8");
    // set connection time out to 2 seconds
    System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", String.valueOf(2 * 1000));
    // httpUrlconnection.setConnectTimeout(2*1000);
    // set input stream read timeout to 2 seconds
    System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", String.valueOf(2 * 1000));
    // httpUrlconnection.setReadTimeout(2*1000);
    return httpUrlconnection;
}

你需要手动创建XML文档（根据你的需求进行修改）：

private static OutputStream generateXMLOutput(HttpURLConnection conn, String msisdn, String strDate) throws IOException {
    OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();

    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();

    buf.append("<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:ins=\"http://yournamespace">\r\n");
    buf.append("<soap:Header xmlns:wsa=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing\">\r\n");

    //..... append all your lines .......       

    OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, "UTF-8");

    outputStreamWriter.write("<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:ins=\"http://yournamespace\">\r\n");
    outputStreamWriter.write("<soap:Header xmlns:wsa=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing\">\r\n");
    //..... write all your lines .......    

    outputStreamWriter.flush();

    outputStream.close();
    return outputStream;
}

并且这个函数将返回你的WS答案：

private static String xmlOutputParse(StringBuffer xmlInputParam) throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
    String status = null;
    DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderfFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = docBuilderfFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    InputSource inputSource = new InputSource();
    inputSource.setCharacterStream(new StringReader(xmlInputParam.toString()));
    Document document = documentBuilder.parse(inputSource);
    NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("ResponseHeader");
    Element element = (Element) nodeList.item(0);
    if (element == null) {
        return null;
    }
    NodeList name = element.getElementsByTagName("Status");
    Element line = (Element) name.item(0);
    if (line == null) {
        return null;
    }
    if (line.getFirstChild() instanceof CharacterData) {
        CharacterData cd = (CharacterData) line.getFirstChild();
        status = cd.getData().trim();
    }
    return status;
}

我认为这个解决方案（虽然有点长）适用于大多数情况。希望你能根据自己的需求进行调整。

最好的问候！

- Adrian Zaharia