使用Perl的好/最佳方法来计算文本文件中字符、单词和行数是什么(不使用wc)?
这里是 Perl 代码。计算单词数量有一定主观性,但我认为它是任何不是空格的字符序列。
open(FILE, "<file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";
my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);
while (<FILE>) {
$lines++;
$chars += length($_);
$words += scalar(split(/\s+/, $_));
}
print("lines=$lines words=$words chars=$chars\n");
对于bmdhacks的答案的变体,可能会产生更好的结果,是使用\s+(甚至更好的\W+)作为分隔符。考虑字符串“The quick brown fox”(如果不明显,则有额外的空格)。使用单个空格字符作为分隔符将给出六个单词计数而不是四个。因此,请尝试:
open(FILE, "<file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";
my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);
while (<FILE>) {
$lines++;
$chars += length($_);
$words += scalar(split(/\W+/, $_));
}
print("lines=$lines words=$words chars=$chars\n");
试试这个Unicode智能版的wc程序。
它会跳过非文件参数(管道、目录、套接字等)。
它假定文本为UTF-8编码。
它将任何Unicode空白字符视为单词分隔符。
如果文件名以.ENCODING
结尾,如foo.cp1252
、foo.latin1
、foo.utf16
等,它也可以接受其他编码。
它还可以处理多种格式的压缩文件。
它提供的计数包括段落、行、单词、字形、字符和字节。
它理解所有Unicode换行符序列。
它会警告有行终止错误的损坏文本文件。
以下是运行它的示例:
Paras Lines Words Graphs Chars Bytes File
2 2270 82249 504169 504333 528663 /tmp/ap
1 2404 11163 63164 63164 66336 /tmp/b3
uwc: missing linebreak at end of corrupted textfiile /tmp/bad
1* 2* 4 19 19 19 /tmp/bad
1 14 52 273 273 293 /tmp/es
57 383 1369 11997 11997 12001 /tmp/funny
1 657068 3175429 31205970 31209138 32633834 /tmp/lw
1 1 4 27 27 27 /tmp/nf.cp1252
1 1 4 27 27 34 /tmp/nf.euc-jp
1 1 4 27 27 27 /tmp/nf.latin1
1 1 4 27 27 27 /tmp/nf.macroman
1 1 4 27 27 54 /tmp/nf.ucs2
1 1 4 27 27 56 /tmp/nf.utf16
1 1 4 27 27 54 /tmp/nf.utf16be
1 1 4 27 27 54 /tmp/nf.utf16le
1 1 4 27 27 112 /tmp/nf.utf32
1 1 4 27 27 108 /tmp/nf.utf32be
1 1 4 27 27 108 /tmp/nf.utf32le
1 1 4 27 27 39 /tmp/nf.utf7
1 1 4 27 27 31 /tmp/nf.utf8
1 26906 101528 635841 636026 661202 /tmp/o2
131 346 1370 9590 9590 4486 /tmp/perl5122delta.pod.gz
291 814 3941 25318 25318 9878 /tmp/perl51310delta.pod.bz2
1 2551 5345 132655 132655 133178 /tmp/tailsort-pl.utf8
1 89 334 1784 1784 2094 /tmp/til
1 4 18 88 88 106 /tmp/w
276 1736 5773 53782 53782 53804 /tmp/www
Here ya go:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
#########################################################################
# uniwc - improved version of wc that works correctly with Unicode
#
# Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
# Mon Feb 28 15:59:01 MST 2011
#########################################################################
use 5.10.0;
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => "all";
use sigtrap qw[ die untrapped normal-signals ];
use Carp;
$SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
confess("FATALIZED WARNING: @_") unless $^S;
};
$SIG{__DIE__} = sub {
confess("UNCAUGHT EXCEPTION: @_") unless $^S;
};
$| = 1;
my $Errors = 0;
my $Headers = 0;
sub yuck($) {
my $errmsg = $_[0];
$errmsg =~ s/(?<=[^\n])\z/\n/;
print STDERR "$0: $errmsg";
}
process_input(\&countem);
sub countem {
my ($_, $file) = @_;
my (
@paras, @lines, @words,
$paracount, $linecount, $wordcount,
$grafcount, $charcount, $bytecount,
);
if ($charcount = length($_)) {
$wordcount = eval { @words = split m{ \p{Space}+ }x };
yuck "error splitting words: $@" if $@;
$linecount = eval { @lines = split m{ \R }x };
yuck "error splitting lines: $@" if $@;
$grafcount = 0;
$grafcount++ while /\X/g;
#$grafcount = eval { @lines = split m{ \R }x };
yuck "error splitting lines: $@" if $@;
$paracount = eval { @paras = split m{ \R{2,} }x };
yuck "error splitting paras: $@" if $@;
if ($linecount && !/\R\z/) {
yuck("missing linebreak at end of corrupted textfiile $file");
$linecount .= "*";
$paracount .= "*";
}
}
$bytecount = tell;
if (-e $file) {
$bytecount = -s $file;
if ($bytecount != -s $file) {
yuck "filesize of $file differs from bytecount\n";
$Errors++;
}
}
my $mask = "%8s " x 6 . "%s\n";
printf $mask => qw{ Paras Lines Words Graphs Chars Bytes File } unless $Headers++;
printf $mask => map( { show_undef($_) }
$paracount, $linecount,
$wordcount, $grafcount,
$charcount, $bytecount,
), $file;
}
sub show_undef {
my $value = shift;
return defined($value)
? $value
: "undef";
}
END {
close(STDOUT) || die "$0: can't close STDOUT: $!";
exit($Errors != 0);
}
sub process_input {
my $function = shift();
my $enc;
if (@ARGV == 0 && -t) {
warn "$0: reading from stdin, type ^D to end or ^C to kill.\n";
}
unshift(@ARGV, "-") if @ARGV == 0;
FILE:
for my $file (@ARGV) {
# don't let magic open make an output handle
next if -e $file && ! -f _;
my $quasi_filename = fix_extension($file);
$file = "standard input" if $file eq q(-);
$quasi_filename =~ s/^(?=\s*[>|])/< /;
no strict "refs";
my $fh = $file; # is *so* a lexical filehandle! ☺
unless (open($fh, $quasi_filename)) {
yuck("couldn't open $quasi_filename: $!");
next FILE;
}
set_encoding($fh, $file) || next FILE;
my $whole_file = eval {
use warnings "FATAL" => "all";
local $/;
scalar <$fh>;
};
if ($@) {
$@ =~ s/ at \K.*? line \d+.*/$file line $./;
yuck($@);
next FILE;
}
$function->($whole_file, $file);
unless (close $fh) {
yuck("couldn't close $quasi_filename at line $.: $!");
next FILE;
}
} # foreach file
}
sub set_encoding(*$) {
my ($handle, $path) = @_;
my $enc_name = "utf8";
if ($path && $path =~ m{ \. ([^\s.]+) \z }x) {
my $ext = $1;
die unless defined $ext;
require Encode;
if (my $enc_obj = Encode::find_encoding($ext)) {
my $name = $enc_obj->name || $ext;
$enc_name = "encoding($name)";
}
}
return 1 if eval {
use warnings FATAL => "all";
no strict "refs";
binmode($handle, ":$enc_name");
1;
};
for ($@) {
s/ at .* line \d+\.//;
s/$/ for $path/;
}
yuck("set_encoding: $@");
return undef;
}
sub fix_extension {
my $path = shift();
my %Compress = (
Z => "zcat",
z => "gzcat", # for uncompressing
gz => "gzcat",
bz => "bzcat",
bz2 => "bzcat",
bzip => "bzcat",
bzip2 => "bzcat",
lzma => "lzcat",
);
if ($path =~ m{ \. ( [^.\s] +) \z }x) {
if (my $prog = $Compress{$1}) {
return "$prog $path |";
}
}
return $path;
}
open(FILE, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", "file.txt") or die "Could not open file: $!";
my ($lines, $words, $chars) = (0,0,0);
my @wordcounter;
while (<FILE>) {
chomp($_);
$chars += length($_);
@wordcounter = split(/\W+/, $_);
$words += @wordcounter;
}
$lines = $.;
close FILE;
print "\nlines=$lines, words=$words, chars=$chars\n";
按固定大小块读取文件可能比逐行读取更有效。 wc
二进制文件可以实现此功能。
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use constant BLOCK_SIZE => 16384;
for my $file (@ARGV) {
open my $fh, '<', $file or do {
warn "couldn't open $file: $!\n";
continue;
};
my ($chars, $words, $lines) = (0, 0, 0);
my ($new_word, $new_line);
while ((my $size = sysread $fh, local $_, BLOCK_SIZE) > 0) {
$chars += $size;
$words += /\s+/g;
$words-- if $new_word && /\A\s/;
$lines += () = /\n/g;
$new_word = /\s\Z/;
$new_line = /\n\Z/;
}
$lines-- if $new_line;
print "\t$lines\t$words\t$chars\t$file\n";
}
use utf8;
my $file='file.txt';
my $LAYER = ':encoding(UTF-8)';
open( my $fh, '<', $file )
|| die( "$file couldn't be opened: $!" );
binmode( $fh, $LAYER );
read $fh, my $txt, -s $file;
close $fh;
print length $txt,$/;
use bytes;
print length $txt,$/;
-C SDL
作为默认设置,而 perl -e 'print "\xe2\x81\x89\n"'
输出的是预期的 "⁉",而不是你所期望的 "???"。 - ephemientecho $'\xe2\x80\x99' | perl -ne'print length,$/'
输出 4,而 echo $'\xe2\x80\x99' | perl -CSDL -ne'print length,$/'
输出 2,所以我一定记错了,Chris 是正确的。 - ephemient非认真回答:
system("wc foo");
wc foo
); - ysth这对Perl初学者可能有所帮助。
我尝试模拟MS Word中的计数功能,并添加了一项在Linux中未显示的功能。
以下是链接地址:在文件中计算单词、字符和行数