找不到文件--rspec/matchers - rspec-rails，shoulda，cucumber，factory girl，Rails2.3.10。

Question

我接手了一个老旧的Rails2.3应用程序。它非常复杂，令人震惊的是，没有任何测试。我习惯于使用rspec和cucumber，因此我想开始编写规范和功能定义，以便最终（很长时间之后）升级到Rails 3。如果我知道会出现什么问题，升级就更容易了。

无论如何，我发现在互联网上很难找到关于如何在Rails 2.3环境中设置rspec、cucumber、factory girl和shoulda的资源。我的bundle如下：

source "http://rubygems.org"

# Production gems
gem "rails",    "2.3.10"
gem "nokogiri", "1.4.4"
gem "mysql",    "~> 2.8.1"

group :development do
  # bundler requires these gems in development
  gem 'rspec',          '1.3.2'
  gem 'rspec-core',     '2.5.2'
  gem 'rspec-rails',    '1.3.4'
end

group :test do
  # bundler requires these gems while running tests
  gem 'cucumber-rails', '0.4.1'
  gem 'factory_girl'
  gem 'shoulda',        '2.11.3'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers'
end

当我要运行时

bundle exec rspec spec, 

我从shoulda得到了以下的堆栈跟踪:

/Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/shoulda-2.11.3/lib/shoulda/integrations/rspec2.rb:8: no such file to load -- rspec/matchers (MissingSourceFile)
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:184:in `require'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:184:in `require'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/shoulda-2.11.3/lib/shoulda.rb:4
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:68:in `require'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:68:in `require'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:66:in `each'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:66:in `require'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:55:in `each'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:55:in `require'
    from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler.rb:120:in `require'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/config/boot.rb:119:in `load_gems'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:164:in `process'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:113:in `send'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:113:in `run'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/config/environment.rb:12
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/spec/spec_helper.rb:4:in `require'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/spec/spec_helper.rb:4
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/spec/models/announcement_spec.rb:1:in `require'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/spec/models/announcement_spec.rb:1
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:386:in `load'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:386:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:386:in `map'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:386:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:18:in `run'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:55:in `run_in_process'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:46:in `run'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.5.2/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:10:in `autorun'
    from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/bin/rspec:19

在谷歌上搜索这个错误，结果非常少...我不确定我做错了什么？

删除rspec-core后，执行以下命令：

bundle exec rspec spec/models/announcement_spec.rb /Users/sys/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2011.03@proj/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:143:in `gem': rspec-core不是bundle的一部分。将其添加到Gemfile中。(Gem::LoadError)

opt/local/bin/rspec的内容。

cat /opt/local/bin/rspec 
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
#
# This file was generated by RubyGems.
#
# The application 'rspec-core' is installed as part of a gem, and
# this file is here to facilitate running it.
#

require 'rubygems'

version = ">= 0"

if ARGV.first =~ /^_(.*)_$/ and Gem::Version.correct? $1 then
  version = $1
  ARGV.shift
end

gem 'rspec-core', version
load Gem.bin_path('rspec-core', 'rspec', version)

我想知道这是否会与我已安装的其他rspec冲突（我已经安装了一个Rails3应用程序，也使用了bundler/rvm）......不确定为什么rspec要在opt/local/bin中运行而不是bundle中运行。

- Matt Rogish

Answer 1

我也遇到了同样的问题。经过查找所有二进制rspec命令（几个位置），我才晚晚意识到RSPEC 1.3.2分支将其二进制文件命名为“spec”，而不是“rspec”。因此，正确的命令始终是"bundle exec spec spec/models/..."。 如果使用"rspec"，bundler无法在当前的rvm/gemset中找到它，于是去整个路径中搜索，最终找到了属于rspec2.x安装的/opt/local/bin副本。

可能会有一个别名可以让rspec 1.3.2也响应“rspec”命令，但对我来说并非如此。使用“spec”可以100%可靠地避免使用rspec-core和其他2.x模块的调用。

感谢提出这个问题并做出以上所有研究的Charles。

- Charles Forcey

Answer 2

看起来rspec-core是问题所在，它源自一个只支持Rails 3的rspec版本。尝试卸载它，并从Gemfile中删除它。

为了比较，这里有一个在Rails 2.3上运行良好的Gemfile部分：

group :development, :local, :test do                                             
  gem "rspec",              "= 1.3.1"                                            
  gem "rspec-rails",        "= 1.3.3"                                            
  gem "factory_girl",       "= 1.3.3"                                            
  gem "webrat",             "= 0.7.3"                                            
  gem "shoulda",            "= 2.11.3"                                           
end        

- Mori

---

如果我删除rspec-core，会得到以下错误：/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.14/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:143:in `gem': rspec-core不是bundle的一部分。将其添加到Gemfile中。(Gem::LoadError) from /Users/sys/src/proj/rails/ruby/1.8/bin/rspec:18 - Matt Rogish

我建议你卸载所有的rspec宝石，只在Gemfile中添加上述两个宝石，然后运行bundle install。 - Mori

仍然存在问题。但是，现在它抱怨文件位于 /opt/local/bin/rspec:18 中... 那个脚本的文件内容是什么？ - Matt Rogish

为确保您运行正确的可执行文件，请使用bundle exec，例如 bundle exec rake spec。 - Mori

你知道吗，如果有一个网站可以列出不同 gem 环境下给定版本的 Rails 的所有依赖关系，那真的会非常有帮助。有很多类似这样的问题，但很少有明确的答案（很多答案是部分的，错过了各种依赖项）。不幸的是，Bundler 也不能总是为你选择正确的版本！ - rholmes

Answer 3

在 Rails 3.1 上，bundle update rspec-rails 解决了我的这个问题。

- Charlie Bowman