我正在使用Visual Studio 2015在Windows 7上开发一个应用程序。该应用程序具有C#前端,C ++ CLR封装器和C ++本机代码。
当使用C ++本机代码在函数作用域内初始化静态变量时,我的应用程序会在Windows Server 2003 Enterprise SP2上崩溃,而在Windows 7或Windows Server 2012上则不会。虽然我知道Windows Server 2003已停止支持,但是我必须为该平台提供支持几个月,并且Visual Studio 2015提供了平台工具集以支持它。
我创建了一个小的可重现示例,您可以在最后找到它。
仅当涉及所有三个部分(C#,C ++ CLR,C ++)时才会发生崩溃。如果我删除任何一个,崩溃就会消失。
仅当定义了自定义构造函数时才会发生崩溃。如果我删除构造函数,则崩溃会消失。
我不是汇编专家,但对我来说,似乎崩溃是由检查是否需要静态初始化的代码引起的。甚至没有调用构造函数。
我的问题是:为什么它会在Windows Server 2003上崩溃?我是否遗漏了一些重要的项目设置?
错误信息
Unhandled exception at 0x1000167E (Native.dll) in Managed.exe.dmp: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x00000000.
Visual C#控制台应用程序"Managed.exe"
Program.cs
// Target framework: .NET Framework 4
// Platform target: x86
using System;
namespace Managed
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Press enter to start test...");
Console.ReadLine();
Native.Wrapper wrapper = new Native.Wrapper();
Console.WriteLine("Test was successful");
Console.Write("Press enter to exit...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Visual C++ CLR 类库 "Native.dll"
Wrapper.hpp
#pragma once
namespace Native
{
public ref class Wrapper
{
public:
Wrapper();
}; // public ref class Wrapper
} // namespace Native
Wrapper.cpp
// Platform Toolset: Visual Studio 2015 - Windows XP (v140_xp)
// Common Language Runtime Support: Common Language Runtime Support (/clr)
// .NET Target Framework Version: v4.0
// Warning Level: Level4
// Treat Warnings As Errors: Yes (/WX)
// Precompiled Header: Not Using Precompiled Headers
// SubSystem: Console (/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE)
// Optimization: Disabled (/Od)
#pragma once
#include "Wrapper.hpp"
#include "Caller.hpp"
namespace Native
{
Wrapper::Wrapper()
{
Caller* caller = new Caller();
delete caller;
}
} // namespace Native
Caller.hpp
#pragma once
namespace Native
{
class Caller
{
public:
Caller();
}; // class Caller
} // namespace Native
Caller.cpp
// Platform Toolset: Visual Studio 2015 - Windows XP (v140_xp)
// Common Language Runtime Support: No Common Language RunTime Support
// Warning Level: Level4
// Treat Warnings As Errors: Yes (/WX)
// Precompiled Header: Not Using Precompiled Headers
// SubSystem: Console (/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE)
// Optimization: Disabled (/Od)
#include "Caller.hpp"
#include "Singleton.hpp"
namespace Native
{
Caller::Caller()
{
Singleton::GetInstance()->DoSomething();
}
} // namespace Native
单例模式.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
namespace Native
{
class Singleton
{
public:
Singleton() // !!! remove constructor to prevent crash !!!
{ }
static Singleton* GetInstance()
{
static Singleton Instance; // !!! crashes here !!!
return &Instance;
}
void DoSomething()
{
std::wcout << L"Doing something...\n";
}
}; // class Singleton
} // namespace Native
反汇编
static Singleton* GetInstance()
{
10001650 push ebp
10001651 mov ebp,esp
10001653 push 0FFFFFFFFh
10001655 push 10006A8Ch
1000165A mov eax,dword ptr fs:[00000000h]
10001660 push eax
10001661 mov eax,dword ptr ds:[1001B334h]
10001666 xor eax,ebp
10001668 push eax
10001669 lea eax,[ebp-0Ch]
1000166C mov dword ptr fs:[00000000h],eax
static Singleton Instance;
10001672 mov eax,dword ptr ds:[1001B5D0h]
10001677 mov ecx,dword ptr fs:[2Ch]
1000167E mov edx,dword ptr [ecx+eax*4] // !!! access violation here !!!
10001681 mov eax,dword ptr ds:[1001B5A4h]
10001686 cmp eax,dword ptr [edx+4]
1000168C jle Native::Singleton::GetInstance+79h (100016C9h)
寄存器
EAX = 00000000 EBX = 00000000 ECX = 00000000 EDX = 006A0003 ESI = 001647C8
EDI = 0012F3BC EIP = 1000167E ESP = 0012F394 EBP = 0012F3A4 EFL = 00010282
编辑1
在本地调试时,崩溃不会发生,但汇编中会显示更多的符号:
static Singleton* GetInstance()
{
0FBD1650 push ebp
0FBD1651 mov ebp,esp
0FBD1653 push 0FFFFFFFFh
0FBD1655 push offset __ehhandler$?GetInstance@Singleton@Native@@SAPAV12@XZ (0FBD86BCh)
0FBD165A mov eax,dword ptr fs:[00000000h]
0FBD1660 push eax
0FBD1661 mov eax,dword ptr [___security_cookie (0FBF03CCh)]
0FBD1666 xor eax,ebp
0FBD1668 push eax
0FBD1669 lea eax,[ebp-0Ch]
0FBD166C mov dword ptr fs:[00000000h],eax
static Singleton Instance;
0FBD1672 mov eax,dword ptr [__tls_index (0FBF0668h)]
0FBD1677 mov ecx,dword ptr fs:[2Ch]
0FBD167E mov edx,dword ptr [ecx+eax*4]
0FBD1681 mov eax,dword ptr [TSS0<`template-parameter-2',Native::Singleton::tInstance,Native::Singleton * * const volatile,void,int, ?? &> (0FBF063Ch)]
0FBD1686 cmp eax,dword ptr [edx+4]
0FBD168C jle Native::Singleton::GetInstance+79h (0FBD16C9h)
__tls_index
符号似乎属于某个线程局部存储(从名称猜测)。这与Magic statics相匹配,后者在参考实现中使用线程局部存储作为性能优化。当发生崩溃时,线程局部存储会返回0
。可能是Windows Server 2003上运行时环境管理和初始化线程局部存储的错误吗?
/Zc:threadSafeInit-
编译(在 VS 2017 15.9 中引入,请参见此处),预处理器__cpp_threadsafe_static_init
将不会被 #define。因此,您可以为两种情况编写代码。 - Phi