如何在 Kubernetes 上创建 MySQL 容器时进行初始化?

Question

如何在 Kubernetes 上创建 MySQL 容器时进行初始化?

27

我想在MySQL容器中设置初始数据。在docker-compose.yml中，这段代码可以在运行容器时创建初始数据。

volumes:
  - db:/var/lib/mysql
  - "./docker/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d"
  - "./docker/mysql/init.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d"

然而，当我运行时，如何在Kubernetes上创建初始数据？

- Harry

3个回答

8

第一步：创建包含SQL脚本的持久化卷

kind: PersistentVolume
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mysql-initdb-pv-volume
  labels:
    type: local
    app: mysql
spec:
  storageClassName: manual
  capacity:
    storage: 1Mi
  accessModes:
    - ReadOnlyMany
  hostPath:
    path: "/path/to/initdb/sql/scripts"
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mysql-initdb-pv-claim
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  storageClassName: manual
  accessModes:
    - ReadOnlyMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Mi

注意：假设您的SQL脚本存放在/path/to/initdb/sql/scripts中。

第二步：将卷挂载到`/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d`中。

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql
          image: mysql
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 3306
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
              name: mysql-initdb
      volumes:
        - name: mysql-initdb
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: mysql-initdb-pv-claim

就是这样。

注意：这同样适用于PostgreSQL。

- Yuci

0

你需要像这样创建 pv 和 pvclaim，然后部署 MySQL 数据库。

kind: PersistentVolume
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: sfg-dev-mysql-pv-volume
  labels:
    type: local
spec:
  storageClassName: manual
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  hostPath:
    path: "/tmp/data"
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: sfg-dev-mysql-pv-claim
spec:
  storageClassName: manual
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

创建密钥：

kubectl create secret generic mysql-secret --from-literal=mysql-root-password=kube1234 --from-literal=mysql-user=testadm --from-literal=mysql-password=kube1234
kubectl create configmap db --from-literal=mysql-database: database

MySQL 部署：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: sfg-dev-mysql-db
  labels:
    app: sfg-dev-mysql
spec:
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: sfg-dev-mysql
        tier: db
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: mysql:8.0.2
        name: mysql
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: db
              key: mysql-database        
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: mysql-root-password
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: mysql-user
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: mysql-password
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: mysql
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: sfg-dev-mysql-pv-claim

- sfgroups

我有一些SQL文件用于创建表和插入数据。当创建容器时，我想将其用于初始化。这段代码似乎与此无关。 - Harry

正如Ivan所回复的那样，您需要使用PV、PVC挂载SQL文件系统。 - sfgroups

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- ivan.sim · Accepted Answer

根据MySQL Docker镜像README，与容器启动时数据初始化相关的部分是确保所有初始化文件都挂载到容器的/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d文件夹中。

您可以在ConfigMap中定义初始数据，并像这样在Pod中挂载相应的卷：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  containers:
  - name: mysql
    image: mysql        
    ports:
      - containerPort: 3306
    volumeMounts:
      - name: mysql-initdb
        mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
  volumes:
    - name: mysql-initdb
      configMap:
        name: mysql-initdb-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql-initdb-config
data:
  initdb.sql: |
    CREATE TABLE friends (id INT, name VARCHAR(256), age INT, gender VARCHAR(3));
    INSERT INTO friends VALUES (1, 'John Smith', 32, 'm');
    INSERT INTO friends VALUES (2, 'Lilian Worksmith', 29, 'f');
    INSERT INTO friends VALUES (3, 'Michael Rupert', 27, 'm');

如何在 Kubernetes 上创建 MySQL 容器时进行初始化?

第一步：创建包含SQL脚本的持久化卷

第二步：将卷挂载到/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d中。

第二步：将卷挂载到`/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d`中。