我正在尝试在Linux服务器和Android APP之间建立双向认证SSL。到目前为止,我已经成功让应用程序通过SSL与服务器证书通信,但一旦我将服务器设置为仅接受客户端证书,它就无法正常工作。服务器配置似乎没问题,但我有些困惑。我最好的猜测是客户端证书没有正确地呈现给服务器,但不知道该如何进行下一步测试。我尝试在我的OS X钥匙链中使用客户端的.pem文件,但浏览器似乎无法使用该证书。然而,服务器证书完美地工作,因为我可以实现https连接并且应用程序接受我的未签名服务器证书。
我使用以下命令和openssl来创建密钥:
为了获取 Android BKS 密钥,我使用了位于 http://www.bouncycastle.org/latest_releases.html 的弹性城堡 bcprov-jdk15on-150.jar,并使用以下命令:
我在这个配置文件上尝试了很多组合,但最终结果都是抛出"SSLPeerUnverifiedException: No peer certificate"异常。我注释掉了服务器的SSL配置文件中的这些行,现在一切都很好,但服务器接受所有客户端,这不是我想要的。
这将创建一个类似于“f3f24175.0”的openSSL可读符号链接。
然后我在/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf配置文件中设置了新的证书文件。
现在重新启动http服务,并测试证书是否已加载:
如果一切正常,您应该会看到:
f3f24175.0: OK
您可以使用以下命令结束测试:
对于这个:
对于这个:
我正在使用各种教程和答案的组合代码,这是我收藏的主要内容:
- http://www.androidhive.info/2012/05/how-to-connect-android-with-php-mysql/连接Android与PHP MySQL的教程
- Self-signed SSL acceptance on AndroidAndroid上自签名SSL证书的接受
- Securing communication [Authenticity, Privacy & Integrity] with mobile app?如何通过移动应用确保通信安全性[真实性、隐私性和完整性]
- (For the Server Config) https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/34897/configure-ssl-mutual-two-way-authentication(用于服务器配置) 配置SSL互相认证
这是我使用的两个主要类用于连接: 1) 这个类处理JSON解析并进行请求。
package edu.hci.additional;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.util.Log;
public class JSONParser {
static InputStream is = null;
static JSONObject jObj = null;
static String json = "";
// constructor
public JSONParser() {
}
// function get json from url
// by making HTTP POST or GET mehtod
public JSONObject makeHttpRequest(String url, String method,
List<NameValuePair> params, Context context) {
// Making HTTP request
try {
// check for request method
if(method == "POST"){
// request method is POST
// defaultHttpClient
SecureHttpClient httpClient = new SecureHttpClient(context);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
is = httpEntity.getContent();
}else if(method == "GET"){
// request method is GET
SecureHttpClient httpClient = new SecureHttpClient(context);
String paramString = URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "utf-8");
url += "?" + paramString;
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
is = httpEntity.getContent();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
is, "iso-8859-1"), 8);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
is.close();
json = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Buffer Error", "Error converting result " + e.toString());
}
// try parse the string to a JSON object
try {
jObj = new JSONObject(json);
} catch (JSONException e) {
Log.e("JSON Parser", "Error parsing data " + e.toString());
}
// return JSON String
return jObj;
}
}
这个第二个类处理SSL身份验证:
package edu.hci.additional;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;
import edu.hci.R;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.*;
public class SecureHttpClient extends DefaultHttpClient {
private static Context appContext = null;
private static HttpParams params = null;
private static SchemeRegistry schmReg = null;
private static Scheme httpsScheme = null;
private static Scheme httpScheme = null;
private static String TAG = "MyHttpClient";
public SecureHttpClient(Context myContext) {
appContext = myContext;
if (httpScheme == null || httpsScheme == null) {
httpScheme = new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80);
httpsScheme = new Scheme("https", mySSLSocketFactory(), 443);
}
getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(httpScheme);
getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(httpsScheme);
}
private SSLSocketFactory mySSLSocketFactory() {
SSLSocketFactory ret = null;
try {
final KeyStore clientCert = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
final KeyStore serverCert = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
final InputStream client_inputStream = appContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.authclientcerts);
final InputStream server_inputStream = appContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.certs);
clientCert.load(client_inputStream, appContext.getString(R.string.client_store_pass).toCharArray());
serverCert.load(server_inputStream, appContext.getString(R.string.server_store_pass).toCharArray());
String client_password = appContext.getString(R.string.client_store_pass);
server_inputStream.close();
client_inputStream.close();
ret = new SSLSocketFactory(clientCert,client_password,serverCert);
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} catch (KeyStoreException ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} catch (KeyManagementException ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
} finally {
return ret;
}
}
}
我使用以下命令和openssl来创建密钥:
openssl [command]
openssl req -nodes -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 500
为了获取 Android BKS 密钥,我使用了位于 http://www.bouncycastle.org/latest_releases.html 的弹性城堡 bcprov-jdk15on-150.jar,并使用以下命令:
keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias 0 -file ~/cert.pem -keystore ~/Downloads/authclientcerts.bks -storetype BKS -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath ~/Downloads/bcprov-jdk15on-150.jar -storepass passWORD
最后,在Fedora 19中,我添加到/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf的行用于要求客户端证书并检查证书的有效性(与我创建的客户端证书匹配):
...
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 5
...
<Location />
SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Develop" \
and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "Operations", "Dev"} )
</Location>
...
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +StrictRequire
我在这个配置文件上尝试了很多组合,但最终结果都是抛出"SSLPeerUnverifiedException: No peer certificate"异常。我注释掉了服务器的SSL配置文件中的这些行,现在一切都很好,但服务器接受所有客户端,这不是我想要的。
提前感谢 :)
更新
@EJP的答案解决了问题。
首先,我必须将证书添加到正确的路径(/etc/pki/tls/certs/),并使用以下命令加载它:
将证书重命名:mv ca-andr.pem ca-andr.crt 现在加载证书: ln -s ca-andr.crt $( openssl x509 -hash -noout -in ca-andr.crt )".0"
这将创建一个类似于“f3f24175.0”的openSSL可读符号链接。
然后我在/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf配置文件中设置了新的证书文件。
…
SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/f2f62175.0
…
现在重新启动http服务,并测试证书是否已加载:
openssl verify -CApath /etc/pki/tls/certs/ f2f62175.0
如果一切正常,您应该会看到:
f3f24175.0: OK
您可以使用以下命令结束测试:
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -CApath /etc/pki/tls/certs
这应该返回受信任的客户端证书列表(如果您看到添加的证书,则有效)
现在问题的第二部分是我的authclientcerts.BKS没有包含私钥,因此我提供的密码从未被使用,服务器无法验证证书。因此,我将我的密钥和证书导出为pkcs12,并相应地更新了JAVA代码。
导出命令:
openssl pkcs12 -export -in ~/cert.pem -inkey ~/key.pem > android_client_p12.p12
然后我更改了SecureHttpClient.java类的部分内容,使用PKCS12来创建客户端证书,而不是BKS。
要将密钥库类型从BKS更改为PKCS12, 我替换了:
final KeyStore clientCert = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS”);
对于这个:
final KeyStore clientCert = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
然后我更新了位于res/raw/的实际密钥库文件的引用 通过替换:
final InputStream client_inputStream = appContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.authclientcerts);
对于这个:
final InputStream client_inputStream = appContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.android_client_p12);
那就搞定了 :D