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Django、Apache和mod_wsgi是什么？

pythondjangoapachemod-wsgiwsgi
4

我正在尝试部署一个带有Django安装的Apache网页服务器。

我已经安装了Apache 2.2.25（可用）和mod_wsgi 3.5。

在我的错误日志中，我得到了以下信息：

[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Apache/2.2.25 (Win32) mod_wsgi/3.5 Python/3.4.1 configured -- resuming normal operations

所以我认为某些东西可能正在工作。

问题出现在当我访问 http://localhost/ 时。我得到了一个 500 内部服务器错误。

错误日志如下：

[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Apache/2.2.25 (Win32) mod_wsgi/3.5 Python/3.4.1 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Server built: Jul 10 2013 01:52:12
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Parent: Created child process 5832
httpd.exe: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.0.19 for ServerName
httpd.exe: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.0.19 for ServerName
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Child 5832: Child process is running
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Child 5832: Acquired the start mutex.
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Child 5832: Starting 64 worker threads.
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:10 2014] [notice] Child 5832: Starting thread to listen on port 80.
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] mod_wsgi (pid=5832): Exception occurred processing WSGI script 'C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py'.
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last):\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 359, in urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return self._urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] AttributeError: 'RegexURLResolver' object has no attribute '_urlconf_module'\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] \r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] \r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last):\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\wsgi.py", line 168, in __call__\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.load_middleware()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\base.py", line 46, in load_middleware\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     mw_instance = mw_class()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\middleware\\locale.py", line 23, in __init__\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     for url_pattern in get_resolver(None).url_patterns:\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 367, in url_patterns\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\importlib\\__init__.py", line 109, in import_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2226, in _find_and_load_unlocked\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1471, in exec_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Users\\Username\\Dropbox\\myproject\\myproject\\urls.py", line 8, in <module>\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     admin.autodiscover()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\__init__.py", line 23, in autodiscover\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     autodiscover_modules('admin', register_to=site)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\utils\\module_loading.py", line 67, in autodiscover_modules\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     for app_config in apps.get_app_configs():\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 137, in get_app_configs\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.check_apps_ready()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:09:14 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.\r

所以问题似乎是AttributeError: 'RegexURLResolver' object has no attribute '_urlconf_module'。起初我认为这可能与我的项目有关，因此我尝试不加载任何应用程序，但即使是干净的django项目也会出现问题（我已检查是否可以在普通django开发服务器上运行）。
有谁能看出我做错了什么吗？

编辑（从urls.py中省略admin.autodiscover()时的错误日志）：

[Sun Oct 05 10:31:51 2014] [notice] Apache/2.2.25 (Win32) mod_wsgi/3.5 Python/3.4.1 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:51 2014] [notice] Server built: Jul 10 2013 01:52:12
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:51 2014] [notice] Parent: Created child process 5492
httpd.exe: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.0.19 for ServerName
httpd.exe: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.0.19 for ServerName
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:51 2014] [notice] Child 5492: Child process is running
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:52 2014] [notice] Child 5492: Acquired the start mutex.
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:52 2014] [notice] Child 5492: Starting 64 worker threads.
[Sun Oct 05 10:31:52 2014] [notice] Child 5492: Starting thread to listen on port 80.
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] mod_wsgi (pid=5492): Exception occurred processing WSGI script 'C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py'.
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last):\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 359, in urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return self._urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] AttributeError: 'RegexURLResolver' object has no attribute '_urlconf_module'\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] \r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] \r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last):\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\wsgi.py", line 168, in __call__\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.load_middleware()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\base.py", line 46, in load_middleware\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     mw_instance = mw_class()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\middleware\\locale.py", line 23, in __init__\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     for url_pattern in get_resolver(None).url_patterns:\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 367, in url_patterns\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\importlib\\__init__.py", line 109, in import_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2226, in _find_and_load_unlocked\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1471, in exec_module\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Users\\Username\\Dropbox\\myproject\\myproject\\urls.py", line 10, in <module>\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 260, in urls\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return self.get_urls(), self.app_name, self.name\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 221, in get_urls\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.check_dependencies()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 159, in check_dependencies\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     if not apps.is_installed('django.contrib.admin'):\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 223, in is_installed\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.check_apps_ready()\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")\r
[Sun Oct 05 10:32:00 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.\r

编辑2:

WSGIScriptAlias / C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py
WSGIPythonPath C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject

<Directory C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject>
<Files wsgi.py>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Files>
</Directory>

我的wsgi.py文件：

import os
import sys

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'

from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler

application = WSGIHandler()

编辑3 (2014年10月07日):

在Python 2.7中，我遇到了以下错误：

[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [warn] mod_wsgi: Compiled for Python/2.7.6.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [warn] mod_wsgi: Runtime using Python/2.7.8.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [notice] Apache/2.2.25 (Win32) mod_wsgi/3.5 Python/2.7.8 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [notice] Server built: Jul 10 2013 01:52:12
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [notice] Parent: Created child process 5824
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [warn] mod_wsgi: Compiled for Python/2.7.6.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [warn] mod_wsgi: Runtime using Python/2.7.8.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:19 2014] [notice] Child 5824: Child process is running
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:20 2014] [notice] Child 5824: Acquired the start mutex.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:20 2014] [notice] Child 5824: Starting 64 worker threads.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:20 2014] [notice] Child 5824: Starting thread to listen on port 80.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] mod_wsgi (pid=5824): Exception occurred processing WSGI script 'C:/Users/sgan/Dropbox/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py'.
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\wsgi.py", line 168, in __call__
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.load_middleware()
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\handlers\\base.py", line 46, in load_middleware
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     mw_instance = mw_class()
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\middleware\\locale.py", line 23, in __init__
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     for url_pattern in get_resolver(None).url_patterns:
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 367, in url_patterns
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\core\\urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python27\\Lib\\importlib\\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     __import__(name)
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Users\\sgan\\Dropbox\\myproject\\myproject\\urls.py", line 9, in <module>
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 260, in urls
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     return self.get_urls(), self.app_name, self.name
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 221, in get_urls
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.check_dependencies()
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\contrib\\admin\\sites.py", line 159, in check_dependencies
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     if not apps.is_installed('django.contrib.admin'):
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 223, in is_installed
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     self.check_apps_ready()
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]   File "C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\django-1.7-py3.4.egg\\django\\apps\\registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]     raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
[Tue Oct 07 11:55:25 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

Apache配置是：

WSGIScriptAlias / C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py
WSGIPythonPath C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject;C:/Python27;C:/Python27/Lib

<Directory C:/Users/Username/Dropbox/myproject/myproject>
<Files wsgi.py>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
#Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>
你最好先尝试运行 python manage.py runserver，这样做有错误吗？ - Walty Yeung
我已经这样做了，没有出现任何错误。 - Jamgreen
你介意贴出你的Apache相应配置行吗？ - Walty Yeung
我已经添加了我的配置行。 - Jamgreen
2个回答
2

问题在于创建wsgi应用程序的正确方式在Django 1.6和1.7之间进行了编辑。

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

现在它可以在Python 2.7和Python 3.4中运行。

0
那么无法使用Django和Python 3.4部署Apache Web服务器吗？ - Jamgreen
好的，至少在之前我从未尝试过那个。你可以尝试的一件事是从wsgi文件中提取包含错误的系统路径，例如在wsgi.py中，输入import sys; raise Exception(sys.path)，然后比较Apache的sys路径与运行服务器时的路径，看看是否有任何差异。 - Walty Yeung
我已经添加了新的错误日志。现在似乎wsgi脚本存在问题。 - Jamgreen
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