我写了一个Java程序。现在我想通过双击桌面上的可执行版本来打开我的控制台Java应用程序，而不需要使用IDE、Eclipse等。我已经将Java项目导出为Runnable .JAR文件，但无法打开。当我尝试使用cmd打开应用程序时，输入"java -jar ApplicatonName.jar"，一切都很好。但这个过程太复杂，也不够用户友好。因此，有没有可能使用Java实现这样的功能呢？提前感谢您的帮助 :)
3个回答
5
根据操作系统创建一个
双击该文件即可启动应用程序。
Windows示例：
创建一个名为
bat或sh文件，将java -jar ApplicationName.jar放入该文件中。双击该文件即可启动应用程序。
Windows示例：
创建一个名为
MyProgram.bat的文件。在文本编辑器中打开该文件。添加java -jar MyApplicationName.jar（将MyApplicationName替换为应用程序的名称/ jar文件的名称）。保存文件。双击创建的文件以打开您的程序。- blueygh2
3
今天早上我遇到了同样的问题，稍微搜索了一下并根据现有知识创建了一个静态类。它可以解决Windows的问题，但其他系统的用户应该能够轻松添加必要的内容 - 只是我不知道正确的系统命令（如果有的话）。我为帮助保留了printEnvironmentInfo()方法。
它做了什么：
使标准Java控制台应用程序能够双击启动，而不需要更改操作系统或创建文件。步骤如下：
如果这不起作用，我们必须在IDE中，并且有一个控制台。这应该是可靠的，但也有替代方法：另一种对（重载的）方法的调用允许您传递主方法的命令行参数。如果第一个参数为“ide”（忽略大小写），则该方法将返回。当使用此其他调用时，如果无法确定可执行文件名（可以甚至提供备用措施），则会显示消息（见下文）。
检查System.console()是否返回null。如果不是，则直接返回。
根据操作系统确定命令行字符串（目前仅适用于Windows，但您只需要填写空白处），然后使用Runtime.getRuntime().exec()执行它。如果尚不支持OS，则会显示消息窗口，指出程序需要从控制台运行，包括语法。 如果您有改进意见（特别是其他系统的可行命令行字符串），请告诉我。
- 当在IDE中时，仅返回。
- 当有控制台时，仅返回。
- 在新控制台中启动当前运行的.jar文件并退出。
- 创建Java控制台应用程序。
- 创建AutoRunFromConsole类文件，并将以下代码粘贴在软件包语句下，替换所有内容。
- 在你的主方法中作为（其中之一）第一条语句，执行AutoRunFromConsole.runYourselfInConsole(true)（如果想让控制台在应用程序结束后关闭，则为false）。
如果这不起作用，我们必须在IDE中，并且有一个控制台。这应该是可靠的，但也有替代方法：另一种对（重载的）方法的调用允许您传递主方法的命令行参数。如果第一个参数为“ide”（忽略大小写），则该方法将返回。当使用此其他调用时，如果无法确定可执行文件名（可以甚至提供备用措施），则会显示消息（见下文）。
检查System.console()是否返回null。如果不是，则直接返回。
根据操作系统确定命令行字符串（目前仅适用于Windows，但您只需要填写空白处），然后使用Runtime.getRuntime().exec()执行它。如果尚不支持OS，则会显示消息窗口，指出程序需要从控制台运行，包括语法。 如果您有改进意见（特别是其他系统的可行命令行字符串），请告诉我。
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Created by Reddit user king_of_the_universe / StackOverflow user Dreamspace President / dreamspace-president.com
* <p>
* v[(2), 2015-11-13 13:00 UTC]
* <p>
* One static method call will start a new instance of *THIS* application in the console and will EXIT the current
* instance. SO FAR ONLY WORKS ON WINDOWS! Users of other systems need to assist here. The methods are all in place.
*/
final public class AutoRunFromConsole {
final private static String FAILMESSAGE_TITLE = "Please run in console.";
final private static String FAILMESSAGE_BODY = "This application must be run in the console (or \"command box\").\n\nIn there, you have to type:\n\njava -jar nameofprogram.jar";
private static void showFailMessageAndExit() {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, FAILMESSAGE_BODY, FAILMESSAGE_TITLE, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
System.exit(0);
}
private enum OSType {
UNDETERMINED, WINDOWS, LINUX, MACOS
}
private static OSType getOsType() {
// final String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
// final String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
// final String osArchitecture = System.getProperty("os.arch");
// System.out.println("\n\nOSNAME: " + osName);
// System.out.println("\n\nOSVERSION: " + osVersion);
// System.out.println("\n\nOSARCHITECTURE: " + osArchitecture);
final String osName = System.getProperty("os.name", "").toLowerCase();
if (osName.startsWith("windows")) {
return OSType.WINDOWS;
} else if (osName.startsWith("linux")) {
return OSType.LINUX;
} else if (osName.startsWith("mac os") || osName.startsWith("macos") || osName.startsWith("darwin")) {
return OSType.MACOS;
}
return OSType.UNDETERMINED;
}
/**
* Checks if the program is currently running in console, and if not, starts the program from console and EXITS this
* instance of the program. Should be (one of) the first calls in your program.
* <p>
* This is the less safe variant of the method: To check if you're currently in the IDE, it just tries to find the
* executable name and if it exists in the current path. This should word perfectly at all times in IntelliJ - I
* don't know what values getExecutableName() returns inside Eclipse, but I suspect it will work just as well.
* <p>
* It's also less safe because you can't give a fallback executable name, but I believe it should do the trick in
* all situations.
* <p>
* If this is used on a system other than Windows, a message box is shown telling the user to start the program from
* the console. BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW HOW TO OPEN A CONSOLE ON OTHER SYSTEMS. SEE startExecutableInConsole();
*/
public static void runYourselfInConsole(final boolean stayOpenAfterEnd) {
runYourselfInConsole(false, stayOpenAfterEnd, null, null);
}
/**
* Checks if the program is currently running in console, and if not, starts the program from console and EXITS this
* instance of the program. Should be (one of) the first calls in your program.
* <p>
* This is the safer variant of the method: The first command line argument GIVEN BY THE IDE'S RUN CONFIGURATION
* should be "ide" (Case is ignored.), which this method will use to determine if it's running from the IDE.
* <p>
* It is also safer because you can give a fallback executable name in case getExecutableName() could not determine
* it.
* <p>
* Ultimately, it is safer because if the executable could not be determined, it shows a message box telling the
* user to start the program from the console.
* <p>
* You will probably never make use of this variant. It's meant to be a solution if all else seems to fail (e.g.
* customer calls and you need a quick fix).
* <p>
* If this is used on a system other than Windows, a message box is shown telling the user to start the program from
* the console. BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW HOW TO OPEN A CONSOLE ON OTHER SYSTEMS. SEE startExecutableInConsole();
*
* @param psvmArguments The arguments given to the main method.
* @param fallbackExecutableName Can be null. In case getExecutableName() can't determine the proper name, the
* fallback is used.
*/
public static void runYourselfInConsole(final String[] psvmArguments, final String fallbackExecutableName, final boolean stayOpenAfterEnd) {
runYourselfInConsole(true, stayOpenAfterEnd, psvmArguments, fallbackExecutableName);
}
/**
* see the other two methods
*/
private static void runYourselfInConsole(final boolean useSaferApproach, final boolean stayOpenAfterEnd, final String[] psvmArguments, final String fallbackExecutableName) {
String executableName = getExecutableName(fallbackExecutableName);
if (useSaferApproach) {
if (isRunFromIDE(psvmArguments)) {
return;
}
} else {
if (executableName == null) {
// Running from IDE.
return;
}
}
if (isRunningInConsole()) {
return;
}
if (executableName == null) {
showFailMessageAndExit();
}
startExecutableInConsole(executableName, stayOpenAfterEnd);
System.exit(0);
}
/**
* Opens a console window and starts the Java executable there.
* <p>
* If this is used on a system other than Windows, a message box is shown telling the user to start the program from
* the console. BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW HOW TO OPEN A CONSOLE ON OTHER SYSTEMS.
*
* @param executableName the full file name of the executable (without path)
* @param stayOpenAfterEnd If true (and if someone can figure out the necessary parameters for other systems than
* Windows), the console will not close once the executable has terminated. This is useful
* e.g. if you want to give some kind of bye bye message because you actually assumed that
* people start the program from console manually.
*/
private static void startExecutableInConsole(final String executableName, final boolean stayOpenAfterEnd) {
String launchString = null;
switch (getOsType()) {
case UNDETERMINED:
break;
case WINDOWS:
if (stayOpenAfterEnd) {
launchString = "cmd /c start cmd /k java -jar \"" + executableName+"\""; // No, using /k directly here DOES NOT do the trick.
} else {
launchString = "cmd /c start java -jar \"" + executableName+"\"";
}
break;
case LINUX:
break;
case MACOS:
// launchString="/usr/bin/open -a Terminal /path/to/the/executable";
break;
}
if (launchString == null) {
showFailMessageAndExit();
}
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec(launchString);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param args the args as given to PSVM
* @return whether the first command line argument was "ide" (ignoring case). Don't forget to change your IDE's run
* configuration accordingly.
*/
private static boolean isRunFromIDE(final String[] args) {
return args != null && args.length > 0 && args[0].equalsIgnoreCase("ide");
}
/**
* @return if System.console() is available. DOES NOT WORK properly from IDE, will return false then even though it
* should be true. Use isRunFromIDE or other means additionally.
*/
private static boolean isRunningInConsole() {
return System.console() != null;
}
/**
* @param fallbackExecutableName Can be null. In the very unlikely case this method can't determine the executable,
* the fallback will also be checked. But if the fallback also doesn't exist AS A FILE
* in the CURRENT path, null will be returned regardless, even if you're sure that
* your fallback should be correct.
* @return the name of the running jar file, OR NULL if it could not be determined (which should be a certainty
* while in IDE, hence can be abused for determining that).
*/
public static String getExecutableName(final String fallbackExecutableName) {
// APPROACH 1 - THE ONE EVERYBODY ON STACKOVERFLOW IS REPEATING
String executableNameFromClass = null;
final CodeSource codeSource = AutoRunFromConsole.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource();
if (codeSource == null) {
System.err.println("UNEXPECTED: Main.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource() returned null");
} else {
final String path = codeSource.getLocation().getPath();
if (path == null || path.isEmpty()) {
System.err.println("UNEXPECTED: codeSource.getLocation().getPath() returned null or empty");
} else {
executableNameFromClass = new File(path).getName();
}
}
// APPROACH 2 - QUERY SYSTEM PROPERTIES
final Properties properties = System.getProperties();
final String executableNameFromJavaClassPathProperty = properties.getProperty("java.class.path");
final String executableNameFromSunJavaCommandProperty = properties.getProperty("sun.java.command");
// System.out.println("\n\nexecutableNameFromClass:\n" + executableNameFromClass);
// System.out.println("\n\nexecutableNameFromJavaClassPathProperty:\n" + executableNameFromJavaClassPathProperty);
// System.out.println("\n\nexecutableNameFromSunJavaCommandProperty:\n" + executableNameFromSunJavaCommandProperty);
// System.out.println("\n\nfallbackExecutableName:\n" + fallbackExecutableName);
if (isThisProbablyTheExecutable(executableNameFromClass)) {
return executableNameFromClass;
}
if (isThisProbablyTheExecutable(executableNameFromJavaClassPathProperty)) {
return executableNameFromJavaClassPathProperty;
}
if (isThisProbablyTheExecutable(executableNameFromSunJavaCommandProperty)) {
return executableNameFromSunJavaCommandProperty;
}
if (isThisProbablyTheExecutable(fallbackExecutableName)) {
return fallbackExecutableName;
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param candidateName suspected name of the running java executable
* @return if name is not null, ends with ".jar" (Case is ignored.), and points to a FILE existing in the CURRENT
* directory.
*/
private static boolean isThisProbablyTheExecutable(final String candidateName) {
if (candidateName == null || !candidateName.toLowerCase().endsWith(".jar")) {
return false;
}
final File file = new File(candidateName);
return file.exists() && file.isFile();
}
public static void main(final String[] args) {
AutoRunFromConsole.runYourselfInConsole(true);
printEnvironmentInfo();
}
/**
* for debugging purposes
*/
public static void printEnvironmentInfo() {
System.out.println("\n\n\n\n-------------------------- System.getProperties() --------------------------");
final Properties properties = System.getProperties();
for (final Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry);
}
System.out.println("\n\n\n\n----------------------------- System.getenv() ------------------------------");
final Map<String, String> env = System.getenv();
for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : env.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry);
}
System.out.print("\n\n\n\n");
}
}
- Dreamspace President
2
不错！但是我注意到一个bug：如果你双击运行它，在CMD窗口中无法高亮文本。 - You'reAGitForNotUsingGit
@AndroidDev 可能是你这边出了问题，我这边测试正常。而且我也不知道如何改变 CMD 窗口的功能（更不用说通过 Java 了）。 - Dreamspace President
1
我知道这个答案有点晚。但对于现在看到这个问题的人可能会有帮助。
首先右键点击文件，选择“打开方式”...
然后选择“始终使用此程序打开jar文件”。
接着点击“选择其他应用程序”（或类似选项）。
浏览到你的Java安装目录\bin。（例如：C:\Program files\Java\jdk-17\bin）
然后选择jar.exe
- Arsh Coder
网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的可以查看英文原文，
原文链接
原文链接
*.jar相关联的方式。另一个问题是，通常情况下，双击图标与基于 GUI 的应用程序相关联，而不是控制台应用程序，因此双击图标可能看起来没有任何反应，但应用程序已经启动，只是没有显示任何内容... - MadProgrammer