这个SQLAlchemy的技巧非常好用和优雅。
首先要做的是定义一个函数,该函数将给定一个Session来使用,并将一个字典与Session()关联起来,以跟踪当前唯一键。
def _unique(session, cls, hashfunc, queryfunc, constructor, arg, kw):
cache = getattr(session, '_unique_cache', None)
if cache is None:
session._unique_cache = cache = {}
key = (cls, hashfunc(*arg, **kw))
if key in cache:
return cache[key]
else:
with session.no_autoflush:
q = session.query(cls)
q = queryfunc(q, *arg, **kw)
obj = q.first()
if not obj:
obj = constructor(*arg, **kw)
session.add(obj)
cache[key] = obj
return obj
利用此函数的一个示例是在混合中使用:
class UniqueMixin(object):
@classmethod
def unique_hash(cls, *arg, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError()
@classmethod
def unique_filter(cls, query, *arg, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError()
@classmethod
def as_unique(cls, session, *arg, **kw):
return _unique(
session,
cls,
cls.unique_hash,
cls.unique_filter,
cls,
arg, kw
)
最后创建唯一的get_or_create模型:
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
engine = create_engine('sqlite://', echo=True)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
class Widget(UniqueMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'widget'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String, unique=True, nullable=False)
@classmethod
def unique_hash(cls, name):
return name
@classmethod
def unique_filter(cls, query, name):
return query.filter(Widget.name == name)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
session = Session()
w1, w2, w3 = Widget.as_unique(session, name='w1'), \
Widget.as_unique(session, name='w2'), \
Widget.as_unique(session, name='w3')
w1b = Widget.as_unique(session, name='w1')
assert w1 is w1b
assert w2 is not w3
assert w2 is not w1
session.commit()
这个方法更深入地探讨了这个想法,并提供了不同的方法,但我使用这种方法取得了巨大的成功。
session.merge
:https://dev59.com/E2ct5IYBdhLWcg3wKqa9#12298306 - Anton Tarasenko