在我目前的项目中,我们有一些模态窗口在某些操作时会打开。我正在尝试让当该模态窗口打开时,你无法通过Tab键跳转到它外部的元素。jQuery UI对话框和Malsup jQuery阻止插件似乎可以做到这一点,但我正在尝试获取只有这一个功能,并将其应用在我的项目中,它不是立即明显我如何做到这一点。
我看到有些人认为不应禁用Tab键,我能理解这个观点,但我被要求禁用它。
在我目前的项目中,我们有一些模态窗口在某些操作时会打开。我正在尝试让当该模态窗口打开时,你无法通过Tab键跳转到它外部的元素。jQuery UI对话框和Malsup jQuery阻止插件似乎可以做到这一点,但我正在尝试获取只有这一个功能,并将其应用在我的项目中,它不是立即明显我如何做到这一点。
我看到有些人认为不应禁用Tab键,我能理解这个观点,但我被要求禁用它。
这只是对基督徒回答的进一步扩展,增加了其他输入类型,并考虑了shift+tab。
var inputs = $element.find('select, input, textarea, button, a').filter(':visible');
var firstInput = inputs.first();
var lastInput = inputs.last();
/*set focus on first input*/
firstInput.focus();
/*redirect last tab to first input*/
lastInput.on('keydown', function (e) {
if ((e.which === 9 && !e.shiftKey)) {
e.preventDefault();
firstInput.focus();
}
});
/*redirect first shift+tab to last input*/
firstInput.on('keydown', function (e) {
if ((e.which === 9 && e.shiftKey)) {
e.preventDefault();
lastInput.focus();
}
});
:tabbable
。 - OmulastInput
被禁用,在倒数第二个元素上按Tab键将使您跳出模态框。使用:tabbable
来收集可制表的内容将通过排除禁用按钮来解决这个问题,但是一旦您启用该按钮,您必须进行额外的逻辑处理,否则用户将无法制表进入它。 - Mark当模态窗口打开时,我最终能够至少在一定程度上实现这一点,通过将焦点放在模态窗口内的第一个表单元素上,如果在模态窗口内的最后一个表单元素中按下 Tab 键,则焦点会返回到第一个表单元素,而不是转移到 DOM 中接收焦点的下一个元素。其中许多脚本来自于jQuery:如何捕获文本框内的TAB键按下事件:
$('#confirmCopy :input:first').focus();
$('#confirmCopy :input:last').on('keydown', function (e) {
if ($("this:focus") && (e.which == 9)) {
e.preventDefault();
$('#confirmCopy :input:first').focus();
}
});
我可能需要进一步完善这个检测流程,以检测其他按键的按下情况,例如箭头键,但基本思路已经在这里了。
Christian和jfutch提供了不错的解决方案。
值得一提的是,劫持tab按键可能会遇到一些陷阱:
:visible
将在dom脏时触发回流var focusable_selector = 'a[href], area[href], input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"]), select:not([disabled]), textarea:not([disabled]), button:not([disabled]), iframe, object, embed, *[tabindex], *[contenteditable]';
var hide_rest_of_dom = function( modal_selector ) {
var hide = [], hide_i, tabindex,
focusable = document.querySelectorAll( focusable_selector ),
focusable_i = focusable.length,
modal = document.querySelector( modal_selector ),
modal_focusable = modal.querySelectorAll( focusable_selector );
/*convert to array so we can use indexOf method*/
modal_focusable = Array.prototype.slice.call( modal_focusable );
/*push the container on to the array*/
modal_focusable.push( modal );
/*separate get attribute methods from set attribute methods*/
while( focusable_i-- ) {
/*dont hide if element is inside the modal*/
if ( modal_focusable.indexOf(focusable[focusable_i]) !== -1 ) {
continue;
}
/*add to hide array if tabindex is not negative*/
tabindex = parseInt(focusable[focusable_i].getAttribute('tabindex'));
if ( isNaN( tabindex ) ) {
hide.push([focusable[focusable_i],'inline']);
} else if ( tabindex >= 0 ) {
hide.push([focusable[focusable_i],tabindex]);
}
}
/*hide the dom elements*/
hide_i = hide.length;
while( hide_i-- ) {
hide[hide_i][0].setAttribute('data-tabindex',hide[hide_i][1]);
hide[hide_i][0].setAttribute('tabindex',-1);
}
};
var unhide_dom = function() {
var unhide = [], unhide_i, data_tabindex,
hidden = document.querySelectorAll('[data-tabindex]'),
hidden_i = hidden.length;
/*separate the get and set attribute methods*/
while( hidden_i-- ) {
data_tabindex = hidden[hidden_i].getAttribute('data-tabindex');
if ( data_tabindex !== null ) {
unhide.push([hidden[hidden_i], (data_tabindex == 'inline') ? 0 : data_tabindex]);
}
}
/*unhide the dom elements*/
unhide_i = unhide.length;
while( unhide_i-- ) {
unhide[unhide_i][0].removeAttribute('data-tabindex');
unhide[unhide_i][0].setAttribute('tabindex', unhide[unhide_i][1] );
}
}
var aria_hide_rest_of_dom = function( modal_selector ) {
var aria_hide = [],
aria_hide_i,
modal_relatives = [],
modal_ancestors = [],
modal_relatives_i,
ancestor_el,
sibling, hidden,
modal = document.querySelector( modal_selector );
/*get and separate the ancestors from the relatives of the modal*/
ancestor_el = modal;
while ( ancestor_el.nodeType === 1 ) {
modal_ancestors.push( ancestor_el );
sibling = ancestor_el.parentNode.firstChild;
for ( ; sibling ; sibling = sibling.nextSibling ) {
if ( sibling.nodeType === 1 && sibling !== ancestor_el ) {
modal_relatives.push( sibling );
}
}
ancestor_el = ancestor_el.parentNode;
}
/*filter out relatives that aren't already hidden*/
modal_relatives_i = modal_relatives.length;
while( modal_relatives_i-- ) {
hidden = modal_relatives[modal_relatives_i].getAttribute('aria-hidden');
if ( hidden === null || hidden === 'false' ) {
aria_hide.push([modal_relatives[modal_relatives_i]]);
}
}
/*hide the dom elements*/
aria_hide_i = aria_hide.length;
while( aria_hide_i-- ) {
aria_hide[aria_hide_i][0].setAttribute('data-ariahidden','false');
aria_hide[aria_hide_i][0].setAttribute('aria-hidden','true');
}
};
var aria_unhide_dom = function() {
var unhide = [], unhide_i, data_ariahidden,
hidden = document.querySelectorAll('[data-ariahidden]'),
hidden_i = hidden.length;
/*separate the get and set attribute methods*/
while( hidden_i-- ) {
data_ariahidden = hidden[hidden_i].getAttribute('data-ariahidden');
if ( data_ariahidden !== null ) {
unhide.push(hidden[hidden_i]);
}
}
/*unhide the dom elements*/
unhide_i = unhide.length;
while( unhide_i-- ) {
unhide[unhide_i].removeAttribute('data-ariahidden');
unhide[unhide_i].removeAttribute('aria-hidden');
}
}
/* this can be run on page load, abstracted from
* http://dbushell.com/2012/12/22/a-responsive-off-canvas-menu-with-css-transforms-and-transitions/
*/
var transition_prop = Modernizr.prefixed('transition'),
transition_end = (function() {
var props = {
'WebkitTransition' : 'webkitTransitionEnd',
'MozTransition' : 'transitionend',
'OTransition' : 'oTransitionEnd otransitionend',
'msTransition' : 'MSTransitionEnd',
'transition' : 'transitionend'
};
return props.hasOwnProperty(transition_prop) ? props[transition_prop] : false;
})();
/*i use something similar to this when the modal window is opened*/
var on_open_modal_window = function( modal_selector ) {
var modal = document.querySelector( modal_selector ),
duration = (transition_end && transition_prop) ? parseFloat(window.getComputedStyle(modal, '')[transition_prop + 'Duration']) : 0;
if ( duration > 0 ) {
$( document ).on( transition_end + '.modal-window', function(event) {
/*check if transition_end event is for the modal*/
if ( event && event.target === modal ) {
hide_rest_of_dom();
aria_hide_rest_of_dom();
/*remove event handler by namespace*/
$( document ).off( transition_end + '.modal-window');
}
} );
} else {
hide_rest_of_dom();
aria_hide_rest_of_dom();
}
}
我刚刚对Alexander Puchkov的解决方案进行了一些修改,并将其制作成了JQuery插件。它解决了容器中动态DOM更改的问题。如果在条件下将任何控件添加到容器中,则此方法可行。
(function($) {
$.fn.modalTabbing = function() {
var tabbing = function(jqSelector) {
var inputs = $(jqSelector).find('select, input, textarea, button, a[href]').filter(':visible').not(':disabled');
//Focus to first element in the container.
inputs.first().focus();
$(jqSelector).on('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.which === 9) {
var inputs = $(jqSelector).find('select, input, textarea, button, a[href]').filter(':visible').not(':disabled');
/*redirect last tab to first input*/
if (!e.shiftKey) {
if (inputs[inputs.length - 1] === e.target) {
e.preventDefault();
inputs.first().focus();
}
}
/*redirect first shift+tab to last input*/
else {
if (inputs[0] === e.target) {
e.preventDefault();
inputs.last().focus();
}
}
}
});
};
return this.each(function() {
tabbing(this);
});
};
})(jQuery);
如果有人像我一样最近才接触到这个问题,我已经采取了上面概述的方法,并进行了简化,以使其更易理解。感谢@niall.campbell在此提出的建议方法。
下面的代码可以在此CodeSandbox中找到,供参考和实际演示。
let tabData = [];
const modal = document.getElementById('modal');
preventTabOutside(modal);
// should be called when modal opens
function preventTabOutside(modal) {
const tabbableElements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
tabData = Array.from(tabbableElements)
// filter out any elements within the modal
.filter((elem) => !modal.contains(elem))
// store refs to the element and its original tabindex
.map((elem) => {
// capture original tab index, if it exists
const tabIndex = elem.hasAttribute("tabindex")
? elem.getAttribute("tabindex")
: null;
// temporarily set the tabindex to -1
elem.setAttribute("tabindex", -1);
return { elem, tabIndex };
});
}
// should be called when modal closes
function enableTabOutside() {
tabData.forEach(({ elem, tabIndex }) => {
if (tabIndex === null) {
elem.removeAttribute("tabindex");
} else {
elem.setAttribute("tabindex", tabIndex);
}
});
tabData = [];
}