使用send_keys或requests无法上传PDF文件

Question

我使用Selenium用Python编写了一个脚本，以便登录到一个网站并进入目标页面上传PDF文件。脚本能够成功登录，但在上传PDF文件时会抛出“元素无法交互”错误。这是登陆页面，脚本首先点击Your Profile旁边的按钮，然后分别使用SIM.iqbal_123和SShift_123进行登录，并使用此目标链接上传该文件。要上传该文件，需要先点击select按钮，然后再点击cv按钮。然而，在应该单击cv按钮以上传pdf文件时，脚本会抛出以下错误。

我已经尝试过：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

landing_page = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/SEARCH/RESULTS/'
target_link = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/APPLICATION/57274787/2/'

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,30)

driver.get(landing_page)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".profileContainer > button.trigger"))).click()
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='alias']"))).send_keys("SIM.iqbal_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='password']"))).send_keys("SShift_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button.loginBtn"))).click()

driver.get(target_link)
button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button[class*='uploadBtn']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",button)
elem = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"form[class='fileForm'] > label[data-type='12']")))
elem.send_keys("C://Users/WCS/Desktop/CV.pdf")

脚本遇到错误，并指向最后一行：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\WCS\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\keep_it.py", line 22, in <module>
    elem.send_keys("C://Users/WCS/Desktop/CV.pdf")
  File "C:\Users\WCS\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py", line 479, in send_keys
    'value': keys_to_typing(value)})
  File "C:\Users\WCS\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py", line 633, in _execute
    return self._parent.execute(command, params)
  File "C:\Users\WCS\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\WCS\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotInteractableException: Message: element not interactable
  (Session info: chrome=80.0.3987.149)

这是我尝试使用requests上传文件时失败的方法:

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

aplication_link = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/opu/odata/hcmx/erc_ui_auth_srv/AttachmentSet?sap-client=100&sap-language=en'

with requests.Session() as s:
    s.auth = ("SIM.iqbal_123", "SShift_123")
    s.post("https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/hcmx/validate_ea?sap-client=100&sap-language={2}")
    r = s.get("https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/opu/odata/hcmx/erc_ui_auth_srv/UserSet('me')?sap-client=100&sap-language=en", headers={'x-csrf-token':'Fetch'})

    token = r.headers.get("x-csrf-token")
    s.headers["x-csrf-token"] = token

    file = open("CV.pdf","rb")
    r = s.post(aplication_link,files={"Slug":f"Filename={file}&Title=CV%5FTEST&AttachmentTypeID=12"})
    print(r.status_code)

顺便提一下，这是pdf文件，如果您想测试，请使用它。

如何使用send_keys或requests上传pdf文件？

编辑：

我在现有脚本中进行了一些更改，现在该脚本可以用于此链接中的“封面信”（即可见的链接），但是当它转到此链接，即可见的“文档”时，它会失败。它们几乎完全相同。

- robots.txt

---

你想要发送按键到类型为“file”的<input>标签。 - pcalkins

请将以下与编程���关的内容从英语翻译成中文。仅返回已翻译的文本：不要点击浏览按钮，只需发送键。 - pcalkins

点击是为了展示隐藏的“cv”按钮而设计的，但是当我点击“cv”按钮并选择文件时，文件会被上传。 - robots.txt

尝试使用element.send_keys，然后使用element.submit()...这可能有效，也可能无效...这取决于他们在提交方面依赖JavaScript的程度。如果这不起作用，请发布所使用的标记/脚本。 - pcalkins

我以为错误是因为你打开了一个文件浏览对话框。请发布当前的代码试验和标记+脚本。 - pcalkins

看看这个编辑。顺便说一下，这是我当前的脚本。 - robots.txt

Answer 1

请参考以下解决方案以避免出现异常：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as Wait
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import os


landing_page = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/SEARCH/RESULTS/'
target_link = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/APPLICATION/57262231/2/'

driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\New folder\chromedriver.exe")
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,30)

driver.get(landing_page)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".profileContainer > button.trigger"))).click()
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='alias']"))).send_keys("SIM.iqbal_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='password']"))).send_keys("SShift_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button.loginBtn"))).click()

driver.get(target_link)
driver.maximize_window()
button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button[class*='uploadBtn']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",button)
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,"//label[@class='button uploadType-12-btn']")))
print element.text
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).click(element).perform()
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).click(element).perform()
absolute_file_path = os.path.abspath("Path of your pdf file")

print absolute_file_path
file_input = driver.find_element_by_id("DOCUMENTS--fileElem")
file_input.send_keys(absolute_file_path)

输出：

- SeleniumUser

---

你的脚本只能部分工作，@Rock。我执行了你的脚本，发现它确实上传了文件，但第二次又打开了窗口（用于上传文件），并卡在那里。 - robots.txt

Answer 2

试试这个脚本，它可以在两个页面上上传文档

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

landing_page = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/SEARCH/RESULTS/'
first_target_link = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/APPLICATION/57274787/1/'
second_target_link = 'https://jobs.allianz.com/sap/bc/bsp/sap/zhcmx_erc_ui_ex/desktop.html#/APPLICATION/57274787/2/'

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,30)

driver.get(landing_page)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".profileContainer > button.trigger"))).click()
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='alias']"))).send_keys("SIM.iqbal_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='password']"))).send_keys("SShift_123")
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button.loginBtn"))).click()

#----------------------------first upload starts from here-----------------------------------
driver.get(first_target_link)

button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button[class*='uploadBtn']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",button) 

element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"form[class='fileForm'] > label[class$='uploadTypeCoverLetterBtn']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",element)

file_input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[id='COVERLETTER--fileElem")))
file_input.send_keys("C://Users/WCS/Desktop/script selenium/CV.pdf")

wait.until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".loadingSpinner")))

save_draft = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".applicationStepsUIWrapper > button.saveDraftBtn")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",save_draft)
close = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".promptWrapper button.closeBtn")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",close)
#-------------------------second upload starts from here-------------------------------------
driver.get(second_target_link)

button = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"button[class*='uploadBtn']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",button)

element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"form[class='fileForm'] > label[data-type='12']")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",element)

file_input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[id='DOCUMENTS--fileElem")))
file_input.send_keys("C://Users/WCS/Desktop/script selenium/CV.pdf")

wait.until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".loadingSpinner")))

save_draft = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".applicationStepsUIWrapper > button.saveDraftBtn")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",save_draft)
close = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,".promptWrapper button.closeBtn")))
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();",close)

- Bhargav Desai

---

除了使用 driver.execute_script()，我在帖子中展示的 existing script 和你在这里提出的脚本有什么区别吗？顺便说一句，它并没有起作用。 - robots.txt

运行脚本时，两个页面都成功上传文档，有问题吗？ - Bhargav Desai