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不使用插件实现jQuery缓动函数

jqueryeasing-functionsjquery-easing
83

我正在寻找一个在线的自定义缓动函数列表，可以在jQuery中使用。

我不想使用插件，也不使用jQuery UI。

我发现下面这个例子有一个很好的反弹效果，但我还想找一些其他选项，以便有更多选择。

如果没有其他函数可用，则简要解释一下此函数的操作方式以及如何进行修改将非常棒。谢谢！

示例：

$.easing.custom = function (x, t, b, c, d) {
    var s = 1.70158; 
    if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
    return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
}

编辑 #1:

这里有一个展示所有jQuery UI缓动函数的在线演示。在下面正确答案的Jake中发布了来自UI的源函数。

http://api.jqueryui.com/easings/

编辑 #2:

事实证明，我上面发布的示例缓动函数与jQuery UI的"easeInOutBack"完全相同。

编辑 #3:

这里有更多独立的缓动方程可供下载...

http://www.robertpenner.com/easing/

那么，从这些插件中删除并只保留缓动函数如何？ 我怀疑你找不到仅缓动函数的列表... - n00b
谢谢！Jake在上面发布了UI的源缓动函数...正是我正在寻找的。 - Sparky
1
我非常重视你的问题更新！谢谢！ - Design by Adrian
对于那些感兴趣的人，jQuery UI 内部一直在使用一个非常紧凑的函数（http://pastebin.com/raw/sn7JwPtX），它提供了30种额外的缓动类型。可以在这里找到一个压缩版本（https://pastebin.com/raw/2WrLApGi）。 - Shikkediel
4个回答
165
假设您遵循BSD许可条款，您可以直接从jQuery UI源代码中挑选您想要的缓动函数。请注意，这些函数中的一些依赖于列表中的其他函数。
要查看和比较这些缓动函数的实际效果，请参见：http://api.jqueryui.com/easings/ 
/*
 * jQuery Easing v1.3 - http://gsgd.co.uk/sandbox/jquery/easing/
 *
 * Uses the built in easing capabilities added In jQuery 1.1
 * to offer multiple easing options
 *
 * TERMS OF USE - jQuery Easing
 *
 * Open source under the BSD License.
 *
 * Copyright 2008 George McGinley Smith
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
 * conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
 * of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 * provided with the distribution.
 *
 * Neither the name of the author nor the names of contributors may be used to endorse
 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
*/

// t: current time, b: begInnIng value, c: change In value, d: duration
$.easing.jswing = $.easing.swing;

$.extend($.easing,
{
    def: 'easeOutQuad',
    swing: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        //alert($.easing.default);
        return $.easing[$.easing.def](x, t, b, c, d);
    },
    easeInQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c *(t/=d)*(t-2) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t + b;
        return -c/2 * ((--t)*(t-2) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * ((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t + b;
        return -c/2 * ((t-=2)*t*t*t - 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t*t + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * Math.cos(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + c + b;
    },
    easeOutSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c * Math.sin(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + b;
    },
    easeInOutSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c/2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI*t/d) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return (t==0) ? b : c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t/d - 1)) + b;
    },
    easeOutExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return (t==d) ? b+c : c * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * t/d) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if (t==0) return b;
        if (t==d) return b+c;
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2 * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1)) + b;
        return c/2 * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t/=d)*t) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeOutCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t=t/d-1)*t) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return -c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - t*t) - 1) + b;
        return c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t-=2)*t) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        return -(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
    },
    easeOutElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        return a*Math.pow(2,-10*t) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p ) + c + b;
    },
    easeInOutElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d/2)==2) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*(.3*1.5);
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        if (t < 1) return -.5*(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
        return a*Math.pow(2,-10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )*.5 + c + b;
    },
    easeInBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
        return c*(t/=d)*t*((s+1)*t - s) + b;
    },
    easeOutBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*((s+1)*t + s) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c - $.easing.easeOutBounce (x, d-t, 0, c, d) + b;
    },
    easeOutBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d) < (1/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*t*t) + b;
        } else if (t < (2/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(1.5/2.75))*t + .75) + b;
        } else if (t < (2.5/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.25/2.75))*t + .9375) + b;
        } else {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.625/2.75))*t + .984375) + b;
        }
    },
    easeInOutBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if (t < d/2) return $.easing.easeInBounce (x, t*2, 0, c, d) * .5 + b;
        return $.easing.easeOutBounce (x, t*2-d, 0, c, d) * .5 + c*.5 + b;
    }
});

/*
 *
 * TERMS OF USE - EASING EQUATIONS
 *
 * Open source under the BSD License.
 *
 * Copyright 2001 Robert Penner
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
 * conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
 * of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 * provided with the distribution.
 *
 * Neither the name of the author nor the names of contributors may be used to endorse
 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
6
为什么在顶部使用了“easeOutQuad”这个定义？ - jedierikb
6
在jQuery UI库中，easeOutQuad是默认的缓动函数。 - Jake
2
这不就是一个非常小的、定制化的插件吗？ - Ziggy
1
@Ziggy 是的，没错。我理解OP的问题是指“不需要在单独的文件中启动完整的jQuery插件来实现缓动函数”。此外，我认为任何真正决心将这些函数取消插件化的人都可以进行简单的重新格式化，以便该函数可以存在于对象之外：function easeInQuad(x, t, b, c, d) {return c*(t/=d)*t + b;}。 - Jake
1
@Jake，太酷了，我只是担心下面HerrSerker的回答，因为它得到了3个踩的原因似乎主要是情感上的。Bez真的很酷，而且只有43行代码。 - Ziggy
显示剩余6条评论
7

使用方法：

$('#clickedDIV').animate({
    marginLeft : '90%'
},800,'easeInOutExpo');

将以下内容复制并粘贴到您的 JavaScript 文件底部，原封不动。然后，按照上述方式使用，就像已安装 jQueryUI 一样。
jQuery.easing['jswing'] = jQuery.easing['swing'];

jQuery.extend( jQuery.easing,
{
    def: 'easeOutQuad',
    swing: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        //alert(jQuery.easing.default);
        return jQuery.easing[jQuery.easing.def](x, t, b, c, d);
    },
    easeInQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c *(t/=d)*(t-2) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuad: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t + b;
        return -c/2 * ((--t)*(t-2) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCubic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * ((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuart: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t + b;
        return -c/2 * ((t-=2)*t*t*t - 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuint: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t*t + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * Math.cos(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + c + b;
    },
    easeOutSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c * Math.sin(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + b;
    },
    easeInOutSine: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c/2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI*t/d) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return (t==0) ? b : c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t/d - 1)) + b;
    },
    easeOutExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return (t==d) ? b+c : c * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * t/d) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutExpo: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if (t==0) return b;
        if (t==d) return b+c;
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2 * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1)) + b;
        return c/2 * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return -c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t/=d)*t) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeOutCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t=t/d-1)*t) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCirc: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return -c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - t*t) - 1) + b;
        return c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t-=2)*t) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        return -(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
    },
    easeOutElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        return a*Math.pow(2,-10*t) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p ) + c + b;
    },
    easeInOutElastic: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
        if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d/2)==2) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*(.3*1.5);
        if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
        else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
        if (t < 1) return -.5*(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
        return a*Math.pow(2,-10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )*.5 + c + b;
    },
    easeInBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
        return c*(t/=d)*t*((s+1)*t - s) + b;
    },
    easeOutBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
        return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*((s+1)*t + s) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutBack: function (x, t, b, c, d, s) {
        if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158; 
        if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
        return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        return c - jQuery.easing.easeOutBounce (x, d-t, 0, c, d) + b;
    },
    easeOutBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if ((t/=d) < (1/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*t*t) + b;
        } else if (t < (2/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(1.5/2.75))*t + .75) + b;
        } else if (t < (2.5/2.75)) {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.25/2.75))*t + .9375) + b;
        } else {
            return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.625/2.75))*t + .984375) + b;
        }
    },
    easeInOutBounce: function (x, t, b, c, d) {
        if (t < d/2) return jQuery.easing.easeInBounce (x, t*2, 0, c, d) * .5 + b;
        return jQuery.easing.easeOutBounce (x, t*2-d, 0, c, d) * .5 + c*.5 + b;
    }
});

Source:

http://gsgd.co.uk/sandbox/jquery/easing/

$('ul#nav').delay(35).slideDown(300,'easeInExpo'); - drooh
5

如果你使用类似Webpack这样的打包工具来打包服务器渲染的资源，那么你可能会遇到一个Error: TypeError: _jquery2.default.extend is not a function错误（参考链接）。我成功绕过了这个问题，方法是使用Object.assign()代替$.extend：

import $ from 'jquery'

// Extend jQuery easings with easeOutCubic
$.easing = Object.assign({}, $.easing, {
  easeOutCubic: (x, t, b, c, d) => {

    return c * ((t = t / d - 1) * t * t + 1) + b

  },
})
2

有一个针对jquery的bez插件（http://github.com/rdallasgray/bez），可以让您创建自定义贝塞尔缓动函数。

如果您想要调整4个贝塞尔参数，这里有一个在线工具，您可以轻松获取所需参数：http://cubic-bezier.com

以下是代码：

/*!
 * Bez @VERSION
 * http://github.com/rdallasgray/bez
 * 
 * A plugin to convert CSS3 cubic-bezier co-ordinates to jQuery-compatible easing functions
 * 
 * With thanks to Nikolay Nemshilov for clarification on the cubic-bezier maths
 * See http://st-on-it.blogspot.com/2011/05/calculating-cubic-bezier-function.html
 * 
 * Copyright @YEAR Robert Dallas Gray. All rights reserved.
 * Provided under the FreeBSD license: https://github.com/rdallasgray/bez/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
*/
jQuery.extend({ bez: function(coOrdArray) {
        var encodedFuncName = "bez_" + jQuery.makeArray(arguments).join("_").replace(/\./g, "p");
        if (typeof jQuery.easing[encodedFuncName] !== "function") {
                var        polyBez = function(p1, p2) {
                        var A = [null, null], B = [null, null], C = [null, null],
                                bezCoOrd = function(t, ax) {
                                        C[ax] = 3 * p1[ax], B[ax] = 3 * (p2[ax] - p1[ax]) - C[ax], A[ax] = 1 - C[ax] - B[ax];
                                        return t * (C[ax] + t * (B[ax] + t * A[ax]));
                                },
                                xDeriv = function(t) {
                                        return C[0] + t * (2 * B[0] + 3 * A[0] * t);
                                },
                                xForT = function(t) {
                                        var x = t, i = 0, z;
                                        while (++i < 14) {
                                                z = bezCoOrd(x, 0) - t;
                                                if (Math.abs(z) < 1e-3) break;
                                                x -= z / xDeriv(x);
                                        }
                                        return x;
                                };
                                return function(t) {
                                        return bezCoOrd(xForT(t), 1);
                                }
                };
                jQuery.easing[encodedFuncName] = function(x, t, b, c, d) {
                        return c * polyBez([coOrdArray[0], coOrdArray[1]], [coOrdArray[2], coOrdArray[3]])(t/d) + b;
                }
        }
        return encodedFuncName;
}});
4
根据这个问题的标题，我对插件不感兴趣。第二个链接中的在线工具在Safari浏览器中无法使用。在Firefox浏览器中它仅部分可用。 - Sparky
7
我会尽力进行翻译：手动编写到我的页面上的三行JavaScript并不被称为“插件”。如果这样说的话，那么任何地方的每一行JS代码也都可以称为“插件”。 - Sparky
5
通常，我认为jQuery的“插件”是以(function($){开头并以})(jQuery);结尾的内容。 - Jake
2
@Ziggy，我接受了这个答案，因为它包含了各种缓动函数，我可以轻松地提取和复制所需的一种缓动效果的代码行。我不是“反插件”。我只是反对安装一个有24个函数的包，而我只需要使用其中一个函数。 - Sparky
2
语义之争？我已经好几年没有在这个帖子上发表评论了，而且当我发表评论时，很明显这不是关于语义的问题：“我只是反对安装一个有24个函数的包，而我只需要使用其中一个。” - Sparky
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