Django REST框架序列化ForeignKey和ManyToManyFields

Question

我有以下模型，我想通过REST进行序列化和公开：

class RehabilitationSession(models.Model):

    patient = models.ForeignKey('userprofiles.PatientProfile', null=True, blank=True,verbose_name='Paciente', related_name='patientprofile')

    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, blank=True)

    medical = models.ForeignKey('userprofiles.MedicalProfile', null=True, blank=True,
                        verbose_name='Médico tratante')
    therapist = models.ForeignKey('userprofiles.TherapistProfile', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='Terapeuta')

    date_session_begin = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now(), verbose_name = 'Fecha de inicio')

    upper_extremity = MultiSelectField(
        max_length=255,
        choices=EXTREMITY_CHOICES,
        blank=False,
        verbose_name='Extremidad Superior'
    )

    affected_segment = models.ManyToManyField(AffectedSegment,verbose_name='Segmento afectado')

    movement = ChainedManyToManyField(
        Movement, #Modelo encadenado
        chained_field = 'affected_segment',
        chained_model_field = 'corporal_segment_associated',
        verbose_name='Movimiento'
    )

    metrics = models.ManyToManyField(Metric, blank=True, verbose_name='Métrica')
    date_session_end = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now(),      verbose_name = 'Fecha de finalización')
    period = models.CharField(max_length=25,blank=True, verbose_name='Tiempo de duración de la sesión')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Sesiones de Rehabilitación'

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s" % self.patient

我将翻译这段内容为：

为了序列化外键字段，我正在阅读此文档。

我的 serializers.py 文件如下：

from .models import RehabilitationSession
from rest_framework import serializers

class RehabilitationSessionSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    patient = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='patientprofile',)

    class Meta:
        model = RehabilitationSession
        fields = ('url','id','patient',
              'date_session_begin','status','upper_extremity',

              'date_session_end', 'period','games','game_levels',
              'iterations','observations',)

我正在使用HyperlinkedIdentityField，因为我的模型是使用HyperlinkedModelSerializer序列化的，但是，当一个字段是ForeignKey和ManyToManyField时，我仍然不清楚应该如何进行序列化。

我的urls.py主文件包含设置api url的路由：

from django.conf.urls import url, include #patterns
from django.contrib import admin

from .views import home, home_files

# REST Framework packages
from rest_framework import routers
from userprofiles.views import UserViewSet, GroupViewSet, PatientProfileViewSet
from medical_encounter_information.views import RehabilitationSessionViewSet

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', GroupViewSet)
router.register(r'rehabilitation-session', RehabilitationSessionViewSet)
router.register(r'patientprofile', PatientProfileViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^chaining/', include('smart_selects.urls')),

    url(r'^$', home, name='home'),

    url(r'^', include('userprofiles.urls')),
    #Call the userprofiles/urls.py

    url(r'^', include('medical_encounter_information.urls' )),
    #Call the medical_encounter_information/urls.py

    #  which is a regular expression that takes the desired urls and passes as an argument
    # the filename, i.e. robots.txt or humans.txt.
    url(r'^(?P<filename>(robots.txt)|(humans.txt))$',
        home_files, name='home-files'),

    #REST Frameworks url's
    # Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
    # Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.

    url(r'^api/', include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),

]

当我尝试访问我的REST API的URL时，终端会显示以下消息：

     File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/neurorehabilitation_projects_dev/lib/python3.4/site-packages/rest_framework/relations.py", line 355, in to_representation
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg % self.view_name)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Could not resolve URL for hyperlinked relationship using view name "patientprofile". You may have failed to include the related model in your API, or incorrectly configured the `lookup_field` attribute on this field.
[08/Mar/2016 16:05:45] "GET /api/rehabilitation-session/ HTTP/1.1" 500 165647

在我的浏览器中，我看到了这个：

我该如何序列化ForeignKey和ManyToManyField，这两种情况对我来说都一样？ 最好的问候

- bgarcial

Answer 1

尝试将您的序列化器更改为：

class RehabilitationSessionSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    patient = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='patientprofile-detail',)

    class Meta:
        ...

路由器会自动为ViewSet创建一个名为detail的视图。有关参数view_name，请参见文档:

view_name - 应作为关系目标使用的视图名称。如果您正在使用标准路由器类，则这将是一个字符串，格式为<model_name>-detail。

- ilse2005