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Android Studio更新后构建项目时的classes.jar中重复类问题

javaandroidlibraries
7

我最近将Android Studio更新到最新版本，自那以后我一直在面对与其连接的库的问题。

最近遇到的问题如下所示：

进入图像描述

Cause 1: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Duplicate class     com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsr found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzss found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzst found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsu found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsv found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcu found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcv found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcw found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcx found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcy found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzdw found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)

Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.get(ForkJoinTask.java:1006)
at com.android.ide.common.workers.ExecutorServiceAdapter.await(ExecutorServiceAdapter.kt:56)
at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicateClassesDelegate.run(CheckDuplicateClassesDelegate.kt:71)
at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicateClassesTask.taskAction(CheckDuplicateClassesTask.kt:61)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:103)
at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.doExecute(StandardTaskAction.java:48)
at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:41)
at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:28)
at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:702)
at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:669)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$5.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:404)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:402)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:394)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:165)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:250)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:158)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:92)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.run(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:31)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:393)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:376)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.access$200(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:80)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$TaskExecution.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:213)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.lambda$execute$1(ExecuteStep.java:33)
at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:26)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CleanupOutputsStep.execute(CleanupOutputsStep.java:58)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CleanupOutputsStep.execute(CleanupOutputsStep.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveInputChangesStep.execute(ResolveInputChangesStep.java:48)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveInputChangesStep.execute(ResolveInputChangesStep.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CancelExecutionStep.execute(CancelExecutionStep.java:39)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.TimeoutStep.executeWithoutTimeout(TimeoutStep.java:73)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.TimeoutStep.execute(TimeoutStep.java:54)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CatchExceptionStep.execute(CatchExceptionStep.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CreateOutputsStep.execute(CreateOutputsStep.java:51)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SnapshotOutputsStep.execute(SnapshotOutputsStep.java:45)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SnapshotOutputsStep.execute(SnapshotOutputsStep.java:31)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.executeWithoutCache(CacheStep.java:201)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:70)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:45)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.BroadcastChangingOutputsStep.execute(BroadcastChangingOutputsStep.java:49)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:43)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:32)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.RecordOutputsStep.execute(RecordOutputsStep.java:38)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.RecordOutputsStep.execute(RecordOutputsStep.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.executeBecause(SkipUpToDateStep.java:96)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.lambda$execute$0(SkipUpToDateStep.java:89)
at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:54)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:38)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveChangesStep.execute(ResolveChangesStep.java:77)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveChangesStep.execute(ResolveChangesStep.java:37)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.legacy.MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.execute(MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.java:36)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.legacy.MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.execute(MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.java:26)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveCachingStateStep.execute(ResolveCachingStateStep.java:90)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveCachingStateStep.execute(ResolveCachingStateStep.java:48)
at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.DefaultWorkExecutor.execute(DefaultWorkExecutor.java:33)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:120)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveBeforeExecutionStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveBeforeExecutionStateTaskExecuter.java:75)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:62)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:108)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveBeforeExecutionOutputsTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveBeforeExecutionOutputsTaskExecuter.java:67)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveAfterPreviousExecutionStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveAfterPreviousExecutionStateTaskExecuter.java:46)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:94)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.execute(FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.java:46)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.java:95)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:57)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:56)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:36)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:73)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:416)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:406)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:165)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:250)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:158)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:102)
at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:43)
at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:355)
at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:343)
at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:336)
at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:322)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:134)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:202)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:193)
at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsr found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzss found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzst found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsu found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement.zzsv found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcu found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcv found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcw found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcx found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzcy found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)
Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.measurement.internal.zzdw found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:16.3.0) and classes.jar (com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:16.2.1)

Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.
at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicatesRunnable.run(CheckDuplicateClassesDelegate.kt:132)
at com.android.ide.common.workers.ExecutorServiceAdapter$submit$submission$1.run(ExecutorServiceAdapter.kt:40)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedRunnableAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1386)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.externalInterruptibleAwaitDone(ForkJoinTask.java:361)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.get(ForkJoinTask.java:1001)
... 99 more

请参见以下应用程序 Gradle：
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'io.fabric'


android {
    compileSdkVersion 28
    buildToolsVersion '28.0.3'
    useLibrary  'org.apache.http.legacy'

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.packageName"
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 28
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-project.txt'
        }
    }

    lintOptions {
        disable "ResourceType"
    }
}

ext {
    googlePlayServicesVersion = "4.2.0"
}


dependencies {
    implementation files('libs/icu4j-4_4_2_2.jar')
    implementation files('libs/jsoup-1.6.3.jar')
    implementation files('libs/ksoap2-android-assembly-2.6.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar')
    implementation files('libs/zip4j_1.2.6.jar')

    implementation('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.9.9@aar')     {
        transitive = true;
    }

    implementation 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.38.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:16.0.1'
    implementation'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:16.1.0'

    // Firebase
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:17.3.4'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:16.0.3'

    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:17.2.1'

    implementation project(':pdflibrary')
    implementation 'com.android.support:support-compat:28.0.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:28.0.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support:customtabs:28.0.0'
    implementation'junit:junit:4.12'

    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0'

    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-flags:16.0.1'   
}

请找下面的PDF库Gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 28
    buildToolsVersion '28.0.3'

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 28
        versionCode 1
        versionName '1'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main {
            jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs']
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
}

请看下面的Gradle项目：
buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
        google()

    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.4.1'
        classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.29.0'
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.1.0'
    }

}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
        jcenter()
    }
}

我已经检查了以下问题，但没有任何建议能够解决： Android Studio：解决重复的类 这可能是以下问题的重复： classes.jar中的61个重复类，classes.jar位于哪里？。但不幸的是，它没有得到答复。我希望它能引起注意并解决这个问题。
1
看起来在生成的classes.jar中包含了来自play services和firebase包的com.google.android.gms.internal.measurement重复类。 尝试运行./gradlew app:dependencies，查看具体是从哪些库中引入的。 - raxerz
尝试从 PDF 库 Gradle 中删除 sourceSets { main { jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs'] }。 - Mohammad Sommakia
@MohammadSommakia 感谢您的贡献，我只想提醒一下，删除源集是错误的做法，因为这将禁用从系统中加载库并访问jni文件夹中的库的能力。 - coder
我曾经遇到过同样的问题，我知道这不是解决根本问题的真正方法，但是我通过将所有com.google.android.gms库的版本升级到17.0.0来编译成功。例如：com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:17.0.0。 - Fernando Jascovich
6个回答
8

我曾经遇到过相同的问题。在添加Firebase库后，我的问题得以解决。因此，我希望它也能对您有所帮助。

 api 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:17.2.0'
1
你的意思是“实现”吗？ - Yoel
将这行代码添加到我的 build.gradle 依赖中解决了我的问题！谢谢！ - BuffMcBigHuge
2

我之前使用的是旧版库，现在我将其转换为以下代码：

  implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:19.0.1'
  implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:19.0.1'

请确保在您的gradle.build中添加以下内容。
multiDexEnabled true

如果没有检查到，则不要忘记添加此代码。

    compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
1
在 buildTypes 中的 build.gradle 文件中，将 multiDexEnabled 设置为 true。
buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled false
        multiDexEnabled true
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}
0

对于我的情况可能有所不同，但或许可以帮助到您

implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar','*.aar'])
implementation(name:'HERE-sdk', ext:'aar')

问题是我正在实现相同的.aar类，因此我收到了重复类警告。
实现文件树（dir：'libs'，include：['* .jar']）
0

如果play-services-places、play-services-maps和play-services-location的版本不匹配，就往往会出现类冲突。例如，你的app/build.gradle文件应该像这样：

dependencies{
   implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:16.0.0'    
   implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:16.0.0'
   implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:16.0.0'   
}
0

在我的情况下，错误非常相似但不同的类

Duplicate class com.google.android.gms.common.api.zzb found in modules classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:12.0.1) and classes.jar (com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:17.0.0)

我在 this react-native 问题线程上偶然发现了一个解决方法。我只需简单地包含它即可。
implementation ("com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:+") {
    force = true
}

加号允许 com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:+ 升级并使用最新版本，我认为其他某些依赖项仅依赖于它，因为我之前在项目中没有任何 Google SDK 或 Firebase 库。

首先，我想提到这个是可以正常工作的，但是属性force=true已经被弃用了。其次，根据Google开发者网站的说法：“不要使用组合的play-services目标，它会带来数十个库，臃肿你的应用程序。相反，只指定您的应用程序使用的特定Google Play服务API。”因此，解决方案是使用最新的版本。implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:17.4.0'。 https://developers.google.com/android/guides/setup - Yosidroid
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