了解PHP中的魔术方法

3

有人能帮我更容易地理解魔术方法吗?

我知道魔术方法在代码的某个点被触发,但我不明白它们触发的具体时机。例如,对于 __construct(),它们在创建类的对象时触发,传递的参数是可选的。

请告诉我何时会特别触发 __get()__set()__isset()__unset()。如果提到其他魔术方法,那就更好了。


1
我认为你可能会发现这个帖子回答了一些你的问题: https://dev59.com/yG445IYBdhLWcg3wwcyg - Marc
2个回答

3

PHP的魔术方法都以“__”开头,只能在类内部使用。下面是一个示例:

class Foo
{
    private $privateVariable;
    public $publicVariable;

    public function __construct($private)
    {
        $this->privateVariable = $private;
        $this->publicVariable = "I'm public!";
    }

    // triggered when someone tries to access a private variable from the class
    public function __get($variable)
    {
        // You can do whatever you want here, you can calculate stuff etc.
        // Right now we're only accessing a private variable
        echo "Accessing the private variable " . $variable . " of the Foo class.";

        return $this->$variable;
    }

    // triggered when someone tries to change the value of a private variable
    public function __set($variable, $value)
    {
        // If you're working with a database, you have this function execute SQL queries if you like
        echo "Setting the private variable $variable of the Foo class.";

        $this->$variable = $value;
    }

    // executed when isset() is called
    public function __isset($variable)
    {
        echo "Checking if $variable is set...";

        return isset($this->$variable);
    }

    // executed when unset() is called
    public function __unset($variable)
    {
        echo "Unsetting $variable...";

        unset($this->$variable);
    }
}

$obj = new Foo("hello world");
echo $obj->privateVariable;     // hello world
echo $obj->publicVariable;      // I'm public!

$obj->privateVariable = "bar";
$obj->publicVariable = "hi world";

echo $obj->privateVariable;     // bar
echo $obj->publicVariable;      // hi world!

if (isset($obj->privateVariable))
{
    echo "Hi!";
}

unset($obj->privateVariable);

总之,使用这些魔法方法的主要优点之一是,如果您想访问类的私有变量(这违反了许多编码实践),但它确实允许您为执行某些操作分配操作;即设置变量,检查变量等。

请注意,__get()__set()方法仅适用于私有变量。


0

以双下划线 (__ ) 开头的 PHP 函数在 PHP 中被称为魔术函数(或方法)。它们是始终定义在类内部的函数,不是独立的 (在类之外的) 函数。PHP 中可用的魔术函数包括:

__construct(),__destruct(),__call(),__callStatic(),__get(),__set(),__isset(),__unset(),__sleep(),__wakeup(),__toString(),__invoke(),__set_state(),__clone() 和 __autoload()。

现在,这里是一个带有 __construct() 魔术函数的类的示例:

class Animal {

    public $height;      // height of animal  
    public $weight;     // weight of animal

    public function __construct($height, $weight) 
    {
        $this->height = $height;  //set the height instance variable
        $this->weight = $weight; //set the weight instance variable
    }
}

1
这看起来像是复制粘贴,请归属来源以正确给予信用。这不是你自己的答案。 - Hanky Panky

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的
可以查看英文原文,
原文链接