在Python中,是否有一种通过ICMP对服务器进行ping并在服务器响应时返回TRUE,或者在无响应时返回FALSE的方法?
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess as sp
def ipcheck():
status,result = sp.getstatusoutput("ping -c1 -w2 " + str(pop))
if status == 0:
print("System " + str(pop) + " is UP !")
else:
print("System " + str(pop) + " is DOWN !")
pop = input("Enter the ip address: ")
ipcheck()
def ping(self, host):
res = False
ping_param = "-n 1" if system_name().lower() == "windows" else "-c 1"
resultado = os.popen("ping " + ping_param + " " + host).read()
if "TTL=" in resultado:
res = True
return res
目标主机不可达
错误 - 请参见@ikrase上面的评论? - Sany如果您的服务器不支持 ICMP(防火墙可能会阻止它),那么它很可能仍然在 TCP 端口上提供服务。在这种情况下,您可以执行一个独立于平台且不需要安装附加 Python 模块的 TCP ping1 操作:
import socket
def isReachable(ipOrName, port, timeout=2):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.settimeout(timeout)
try:
s.connect((ipOrName, int(port)))
s.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
return True
except:
return False
finally:
s.close()
这段代码是从这里获取的,并进行了轻微修改。
1 TCP ping并不存在,因为ping使用的是ISO/OSI第3层的ICMP。而TCP ping则是在ISO/OSI第4层执行的。它只是以最基本的方式尝试连接到TCP端口,不传输任何数据,并在连接后立即关闭连接。
确保已经安装pyping或者安装它 pip install pyping
#!/usr/bin/python
import pyping
response = pyping.ping('Your IP')
if response.ret_code == 0:
print("reachable")
else:
print("unreachable")
借鉴了这篇文章中的一些想法,但只使用了较新的推荐subprocess模块和python3来进行简化:
import subprocess
import platform
operating_sys = platform.system()
nas = '192.168.0.10'
def ping(ip):
# ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n', '1'] instead of ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n 1'] for Windows
ping_command = ['ping', ip, '-n', '1'] if operating_sys == 'Windows' else ['ping', ip, '-c 1']
shell_needed = True if operating_sys == 'Windows' else False
ping_output = subprocess.run(ping_command,shell=shell_needed,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
success = ping_output.returncode
return True if success == 0 else False
out = ping(nas)
print(out)
True if condition else False
语句。只需像这样使用shell_needed = operating_sys == 'Windows'
和return success == 0
即可。 - emorris#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess as sp
ip = "192.168.122.60"
status,result = sp.getstatusoutput("ping -c1 -w2 " + ip)
if status == 0:
print("System " + ip + " is UP !")
else:
print("System " + ip + " is DOWN !")
这个脚本可以在Windows上运行,并且应该可以在其他操作系统上运行:
它可以在Windows、Debian和macosx上运行,需要在solaris上进行测试。
import os
import platform
def isUp(hostname):
giveFeedback = False
if platform.system() == "Windows":
response = os.system("ping "+hostname+" -n 1")
else:
response = os.system("ping -c 1 " + hostname)
isUpBool = False
if response == 0:
if giveFeedback:
print hostname, 'is up!'
isUpBool = True
else:
if giveFeedback:
print hostname, 'is down!'
return isUpBool
print(isUp("example.com")) #Example domain
print(isUp("localhost")) #Your computer
print(isUp("invalid.example.com")) #Unresolvable hostname: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6761
print(isUp("192.168.1.1")) #Pings local router
print(isUp("192.168.1.135")) #Pings a local computer - will differ for your network
CAP_NET_RAW
权限): https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/592914。最终我得到了:$ id
uid=1000(raylu) gid=1000(raylu) [...]
$ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='1000 1000'
import socket
import struct
import time
def main():
ping('192.168.1.10')
def ping(destination):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.getprotobyname('icmp'))
sock.settimeout(10.0)
start_time = time.time_ns() # python 3.7+ only
payload = struct.pack('L', start_time)
sock.sendto(encode(payload), (destination, 0))
while (time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000_000 < 10:
try:
data, source = sock.recvfrom(256)
except socket.timeout:
print('timed out')
return
message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number = struct.unpack('bbHHh', data[:8])
if source == (destination, 0) and message_type == ICMP.ECHO_REPLY and data[8:] == payload:
print((time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000, 'ms')
break
else:
print('got unexpected packet from %s:' % source[0], message_type, data[8:])
else:
print('timed out')
def encode(payload: bytes):
# calculate checksum with check set to 0
checksum = calc_checksum(icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, 0, 1, 1) + payload)
# craft the packet again with the checksum set
return icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, checksum, 1, 1) + payload
def icmp_header(message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number) -> bytes:
return struct.pack('bbHHh', message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number)
def calc_checksum(data: bytes) -> int:
'''RFC 1071'''
# code stolen from https://github.com/alessandromaggio/pythonping/blob/a59ce65a/pythonping/icmp.py#L8
'''
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandro Maggio
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
'''
subtotal = 0
for i in range(0, len(data)-1, 2):
subtotal += (data[i] << 8) + data[i+1]
if len(data) % 2:
subtotal += (data[len(data)-1] << 8)
while subtotal >> 16:
subtotal = (subtotal & 0xFFFF) + (subtotal >> 16)
check = ~subtotal
return ((check << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((check >> 8) & 0x00FF)
class ICMP:
ECHO_REPLY = 0
ECHO_REQUEST = 8
使用 Multi-ping(pip install multiPing
)我制作了这个简单的代码(如果您愿意,只需复制并粘贴!):
from multiping import MultiPing
def ping(host,n = 0):
if(n>0):
avg = 0
for i in range (n):
avg += ping(host)
avg = avg/n
# Create a MultiPing object to test hosts / addresses
mp = MultiPing([host])
# Send the pings to those addresses
mp.send()
# With a 1 second timout, wait for responses (may return sooner if all
# results are received).
responses, no_responses = mp.receive(1)
for addr, rtt in responses.items():
RTT = rtt
if no_responses:
# Sending pings once more, but just to those addresses that have not
# responded, yet.
mp.send()
responses, no_responses = mp.receive(1)
RTT = -1
return RTT
使用方法:
#Getting the latency average (in seconds) of host '192.168.0.123' using 10 samples
ping('192.168.0.123',10)
10
" 可以忽略不计!我有类似的需求,所以我按照下面的方法实现了它。它已经在64位Windows和Linux上进行了测试。
import subprocess
def systemCommand(Command):
Output = ""
Error = ""
try:
Output = subprocess.check_output(Command,stderr = subprocess.STDOUT,shell='True')
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
#Invalid command raises this exception
Error = e.output
if Output:
Stdout = Output.split("\n")
else:
Stdout = []
if Error:
Stderr = Error.split("\n")
else:
Stderr = []
return (Stdout,Stderr)
#in main
Host = "ip to ping"
NoOfPackets = 2
Timeout = 5000 #in milliseconds
#Command for windows
Command = 'ping -n {0} -w {1} {2}'.format(NoOfPackets,Timeout,Host)
#Command for linux
#Command = 'ping -c {0} -w {1} {2}'.format(NoOfPackets,Timeout,Host)
Stdout,Stderr = systemCommand(Command)
if Stdout:
print("Host [{}] is reachable.".format(Host))
else:
print("Host [{}] is unreachable.".format(Host))
当IP地址无法访问时,subprocess.check_output()会引发异常。可以通过从输出行“数据包:发送= 2,接收= 2,丢失= 0(0%丢失)”中提取信息来进行额外的验证。