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使用纯C语言调用Windows运行时API

c++cwindowsuwpc++-winrt
3
据我所知，Windows Runtime是Windows暴露API的新基础架构。我的问题很简单：如何从纯C代码中使用它？我不介意编写更多代码，我只想了解各个部分之间的链接方式。
我们以微软提供的基本示例为例：https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/desktop/modernize/desktop-to-uwp-enhance。具体地说，“修改C++ Win32项目以使用Windows Runtime API”，其中有一个示例显示了如何从应用程序中显示toast通知。我该如何将该代码翻译成可用于普通的.c文件中的代码？
我在C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\winrt中找到了一些头文件，例如windows.ui.notifications.h，我认为这可能会有用，但我不知道应该如何使用其中的内容。在MSDN上，没有文章讨论纯C，只有各种托管语言和C ++的影射。
请注意，这更像是一个学术问题。我以前已经成功地在C中使用过COM，并对此感到满意，但是对于这个问题，在网上找不到任何提及或文章。
谢谢。
编辑：现在我有一些执行成功的代码（结果HRESULT为S_OK），但是没有toast显示。有什么方法可以调试这个？到底哪里出了问题？我没有实现COM激活器，因为我有一个类似的PowerShell脚本，可以使用我用C编写的基本相同的内容。我被卡住了，也很迷失，希望有人可以帮忙。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <initguid.h>
#include <roapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "runtimeobject.lib")
#include <Windows.ui.notifications.h>
#include <winstring.h>
#include <shobjidl_core.h>
#include <propvarutil.h>
#include <propkey.h>
#include <Psapi.h>

// ABI.Windows.UI.Notifications.IToastNotificationManagerStatics
// 50ac103f-d235-4598-bbef-98fe4d1a3ad4
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
    0x50ac103f,
    0xd235, 0x4598, 0xbb, 0xef,
    0x98, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0xd4
);

// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocument
// f7f3a506-1e87-42d6-bcfb-b8c809fa5494
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocument,
    0xf7f3a506,
    0x1e87, 0x42d6, 0xbc, 0xfb,
    0xb8, 0xc8, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x94
);

// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocumentIO
// 6cd0e74e-ee65-4489-9ebf-ca43e87ba637
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
    0x6cd0e74e,
    0xee65, 0x4489, 0x9e, 0xbf,
    0xca, 0x43, 0xe8, 0x7b, 0xa6, 0x37
);

// ABI.Windows.Notifications.IToastNotificationFactory
// 04124b20-82c6-4229-b109-fd9ed4662b53
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
    0x04124b20,
    0x82c6, 0x4229, 0xb1, 0x09,
    0xfd, 0x9e, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x2b, 0x53
);

// CLSID_ShellLink
// 00021401-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_ShellLink,
    0x00021401,
    0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);

// IShellLinkW
// 000214F9-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(IID_ShellLink,
    0x000214f9,
    0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);

// IPropertyStore
// 886d8eeb-8cf2-4446-8d02-cdba1dbdcf99
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IPropertyStore,
    0x886d8eeb,
    0x8cf2, 0x4446, 0x8d, 0x02,
    0xcd, 0xba, 0x1d, 0xbd, 0xcf, 0x99
);

// IPersistFile
// 0000010b-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
DEFINE_GUID(IID_IPersistFile,
    0x0000010b,
    0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc0, 0x00,
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46
);

#define APP_ID L"valinet.thunderbirdtoasts"
#define APP_CLSID L"04f9ecea-f0da-4ea2-b2d7-acf208ae30a1"
// APP_UUID
// 04f9ecea-f0da-4ea2-b2d7-acf208ae30a1
/*
DEFINE_GUID(APP_UUID,
    0x04f9ecea,
    0xf0da, 0x4ea2, 0xb2, 0xd7,
    0xac, 0xf2, 0x08, 0xae, 0x30, 0xa1
);
*/

inline HRESULT InitPropVariantFromString(_In_ PCWSTR psz, _Out_ PROPVARIANT* ppropvar)
{
    HRESULT hr = psz != NULL ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG; // Previous API behavior counter to the SAL requirement.
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        SIZE_T const byteCount = (SIZE_T)((wcslen(psz) + 1) * sizeof(*psz));
        V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal) = (PWSTR)(CoTaskMemAlloc(byteCount));
        hr = V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal) ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            memcpy_s(V_UNION(ppropvar, pwszVal), byteCount, psz, byteCount);
            V_VT(ppropvar) = VT_LPWSTR;
        }
    }
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        PropVariantInit(ppropvar);
    }
    return hr;
}


HRESULT InstallShortcut(_In_z_ wchar_t* shortcutPath)
{
    wchar_t exePath[MAX_PATH];

    DWORD charWritten = GetModuleFileNameEx(
        GetCurrentProcess(), 
        NULL, 
        exePath,
        ARRAYSIZE(exePath)
    );

    HRESULT hr = charWritten > 0 ? S_OK : E_FAIL;

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        IShellLink* shellLink = NULL;
        hr = CoCreateInstance(
            &CLSID_ShellLink,
            NULL,
            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
            &IID_ShellLink,
            &shellLink
        );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = shellLink->lpVtbl->SetPath(shellLink, exePath);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                hr = shellLink->lpVtbl->SetArguments(shellLink, L"");
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                {
                    IPropertyStore* propertyStore;
                    shellLink->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
                        shellLink,
                        &IID_IPropertyStore,
                        &propertyStore
                    );
                    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                    {
                        PROPVARIANT appIdPropVar;
                        hr = InitPropVariantFromString(APP_ID, &appIdPropVar);
                        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                        {
                            hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->SetValue(propertyStore, &PKEY_AppUserModel_ID, &appIdPropVar);
                            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                            {
                                PROPVARIANT appClsIdPropVar;
                                hr = InitPropVariantFromString(APP_CLSID, &appClsIdPropVar);
                                if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                                {
                                    hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->SetValue(propertyStore, &PKEY_AppUserModel_ToastActivatorCLSID, &appClsIdPropVar);
                                    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                                    {
                                        hr = propertyStore->lpVtbl->Commit(propertyStore);
                                        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                                        {
                                            IPersistFile* persistFile = NULL;
                                            shellLink->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
                                                shellLink,
                                                &IID_IPersistFile,
                                                &persistFile
                                            );
                                            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                                            {
                                                hr = persistFile->lpVtbl->Save(persistFile, shortcutPath, TRUE);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                    PropVariantClear(&appClsIdPropVar);
                                }
                            }
                            PropVariantClear(&appIdPropVar);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return hr;
}

HRESULT TryCreateShortcut()
{
    wchar_t shortcutPath[MAX_PATH];
    DWORD charWritten = GetEnvironmentVariable(L"APPDATA", shortcutPath, MAX_PATH);
    HRESULT hr = charWritten > 0 ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG;

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        errno_t concatError = wcscat_s(shortcutPath, ARRAYSIZE(shortcutPath), L"\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Thunderbird Toasts.lnk");

        hr = concatError == 0 ? S_OK : E_INVALIDARG;
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(shortcutPath);
            BOOL fileExists = attributes < 0xFFFFFFF;

            if (!fileExists)
            {
                hr = InstallShortcut(shortcutPath);  // See step 2.
            }
            else
            {
                hr = S_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    return hr;
}

HRESULT CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
    const wchar_t* xmlString, 
    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument** doc
)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    HSTRING_HEADER header_;

    HSTRING IXmlDocumentHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument,
        wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument),
        &header_,
        &IXmlDocumentHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsCreateStringReference IXmlDocumentHString\n");
        return hr;
    }
    if (IXmlDocumentHString == NULL)
    {
        return 1;
    }

    IInspectable* pInspectable;
    hr = RoActivateInstance(IXmlDocumentHString, &pInspectable);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        hr = pInspectable->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
            pInspectable,
            &UIID_IXmlDocument,
            doc
        );
        pInspectable->lpVtbl->Release(pInspectable);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("RoActivateInstance IXmlDocumentHString\n");
        return hr;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocumentIO* docIO;
    (*doc)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
        (*doc),
        &UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
        &docIO
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("QueryInterface IXmlDocumentIO\n");
        return hr;
    }

    HSTRING XmlString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        xmlString,
        wcslen(xmlString),
        &header_,
        &XmlString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsCreateStringReference XmlString\n");
        return hr;
    }
    if (XmlString == NULL)
    {
        return 1;
    }

    hr = docIO->lpVtbl->LoadXml(docIO, XmlString);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("LoadXml IXmlDocumentIO\n");
        return hr;
    }
    
    return hr;
}

int main()
{
    HRESULT hr = RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("RoInitialize\n");
        return 0;
    }

    TryCreateShortcut();

    HSTRING_HEADER header_;
    HSTRING ToastNotificationManagerHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager,
        wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager),
        &header_,
        &ToastNotificationManagerHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsCreateStringReference ToastNotificationManagerHString\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if (ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationManagerStatics* toastStatics = NULL;
    hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
        ToastNotificationManagerHString,
        &UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
        (LPVOID*)&toastStatics
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("RoGetActivationFactory ToastNotificationManagerHString\n");
        return 0;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument* inputXml = NULL;
    hr = CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
        L"<toast activationType=\"protocol\" launch=\"imsprevn://0\" duration=\"long\">"
        L"<visual><binding template=\"ToastGeneric\"><text>text1</text><text>text2</text><text placement=\"attribution\">attr</text>"
        L"</binding></visual><audio src=\"ms-winsoundevent:Notification.Mail\" loop=\"false\" /></toast>"
        , &inputXml
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("CreateXmlDocumentFromString\n");
        return 0;
    }

    HSTRING AppIdHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        APP_ID,
        wcslen(APP_ID),
        &header_,
        &AppIdHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsCreateStringReference AppIdHString\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if (AppIdHString == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotifier* notifier;
    hr = toastStatics->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotifierWithId(toastStatics, AppIdHString, &notifier);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("CreateToastNotifier\n");
        return 0;
    }
    
    HSTRING ToastNotificationHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification,
        wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification),
        &header_,
        &ToastNotificationHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("WindowsCreateStringReference ToastNotificationHString\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if (ToastNotificationHString == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationFactory* notifFactory = NULL;
    hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
        ToastNotificationHString,
        &UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
        (LPVOID*)&notifFactory
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("RoGetActivationFactory ToastNotificationHString\n");
        return 0;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotification2* notif = NULL;
    hr = notifFactory->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotification(notifFactory, inputXml, &notif);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("CreateToastNotification\n");
        return 0;
    }

    hr = notif->lpVtbl->put_Tag(notif, AppIdHString);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("put_Tag\n");
        return 0;
    }

    hr = notif->lpVtbl->put_Group(notif, AppIdHString);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("put_Group\n");
        return 0;
    }

    hr = notifier->lpVtbl->Show(notifier, notif);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("Show\n");
        return 0;
    }


    printf("success\n");
    return 0;
}

这是清单文件（IsWindows10OrGreater() 返回1）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <assemblyIdentity
        type="win32"
        name="valinet.testapp"
        version="1.2.3.4"
        processorArchitecture="x86"
    />
    <description>TestApp</description>
    <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
        <application>
            <!-- Windows 10 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
            <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
            <!-- Windows 8 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
            <!-- Windows 7 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
            <!-- Windows Vista -->
            <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/> 
        </application>
    </compatibility>
    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
        <security>
            <requestedPrivileges>
                <!--
                  UAC settings:
                  - app should run at same integrity level as calling process
                  - app does not need to manipulate windows belonging to
                    higher-integrity-level processes
                  -->
                <requestedExecutionLevel
                    level="asInvoker"
                    uiAccess="false"
                />   
            </requestedPrivileges>
        </security>
    </trustInfo>
</assembly>

以下是PowerShell脚本：

param ($appid, $action, $title, $text, $attr, $duration, $audio)

[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager, Windows.UI.Notifications, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null
[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification, Windows.UI.Notifications, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null
[Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument, Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument, ContentType = WindowsRuntime] | Out-Null

$template = @"
<toast activationType="protocol" launch="$action" duration="$duration">
    <visual>
        <binding template="ToastGeneric">
            
            
            <text><![CDATA[$title]]></text>
            
            
            <text><![CDATA[$text]]></text>
            
            
            <text placement="attribution"><![CDATA[$attr]]></text>
        </binding>
    </visual>
    
    <audio src="$audio" loop="false" />
    
    
</toast>
"@

$xml = New-Object Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument
$xml.LoadXml($template)
$toast = New-Object Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification $xml
$toast.Tag = $appid
$toast.Group = $appid

[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::CreateToastNotifier($appid).Show($toast)
头文件中是否有C++特定的功能？我不在Windows上，所以无法自行检查，但快速扫描文档提到了类和命名空间，这让我认为你可能不能使用C。 - Stephen Newell
在这些文件中，有像#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(CINTERFACE)这样的东西，然后在else上，他们定义了一些像__x_ABI_CWindows_CFoundation_CIGetActivationFactory这样的东西。因此，即使它们具有加密名称，我认为仍然应该可以使用一些C结构。此外，我认为该文件夹中的文件是用于旧API的，也许更新的Windows Runtime在cppwinrt中...我非常困惑，他们有如此多的API... - user1371019
2
是的，C API 就是那些名字很可怕的接口和结构体。（cppwinrt 是新的 C++ 接口，但由于您正在使用纯 C，所以它对您没有帮助。）（这些可怕的名称是为了编码命名空间，而 C 并没有命名空间，因此需要在符号中编码命名空间。） - Raymond Chen
快速入门：从桌面发送 Toast 通知。在“前提条件”下的第二个项目很可能是问题所在。我既不能解释 PowerShell 脚本为什么有效，也无法解释 C 实现中对 Show 的最终调用为什么返回成功代码。 - IInspectable
剩下的是COM激活器，但我不明白为什么我需要它，因为我希望用吐司激活一个协议，就像PowerShell脚本一样...我不需要COM激活器，它还必须在那里吗？PowerShell真的有一个吗？我知道可以使用PowerShell命令Get-StartApps检查AppUserModelIDs，但我该如何检查PowerShell是否注册了COM激活器。即使它确实注册了，我仍然不明白为什么在使用协议时需要它，甚至文档中也说COM激活器是可选的。 - user1371019
显示剩余6条评论
1个回答
0
我最终解决了这个问题。问题在于，在终止进程之前必须等待一段时间，以便COM线程有机会真正完成工作并传递通知。上面发布的代码完全有效，稍后我将发布一个仅包含绝对必要内容的修订版本。我解决问题的方式是将所有内容剥离，直到示例应用程序（https://github.com/microsoft/Windows-classic-samples/blob/master/Samples/DesktopToasts/CPP/DesktopToastsSample.cpp）具有与我的相同的代码，并且唯一的区别是消息队列，该队列在“发送”toast请求后使示例应用程序保持活动状态。
另外，如果你只需要通知触发协议而不包含任何按钮，可以跳过在开始菜单中创建快捷方式的步骤，只需使用另一个应用程序的appid即可。如果提供的appid不属于任何已安装的应用程序，则toast将没有图标，但是应用程序名称将是你提供的内容。对于开发当前应用程序的扩展/附加组件的人来说，这非常好，他们不需要在开始菜单中添加不必要的快捷方式。按钮需要COM激活，因为不幸的是，但至少我们有这个选项。

是的，您也不需要应用程序清单。现在的问题是，在终止之前等待的正确方法是什么？我的意思是，当然Sleep(200);没问题，但我很好奇正确的解决方案。

要获取已安装应用程序的应用程序ID，请在PowerShell中键入Get-StartApps。

编辑：这里是有效的代码，希望可以释放内存等。

// Set project Properties - Configuration Properties - Linker - All Options -
// - Additional Dependencies - runtimeobject.lib
// #pragma comment(lib, "runtimeobject.lib") does not work when compiled 
// without default lib for whatever reason
//
// Set project Properties - Configuration Properties - Linker - All Options - 
// - SubSystem - Windows or change to Console
// and modify the entry point and the signature of "main"
// the pragma belowis optional
#include <initguid.h>
#include <roapi.h>
#include <Windows.ui.notifications.h>
#define Done(code) ExitProcess(code)
// Choose whether you would like to compile with/without the standard library
#define INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#undef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#ifdef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
#include <stdio.h>
#define __wcslen wcslen
#else
#pragma comment(linker, "/NODEFAULTLIB")
#pragma comment(linker, "/ENTRY:wWinMain")
void printf(char* b, ...) {}
DWORD __wcslen(WCHAR* pszText)
{
    WCHAR* pszCurrent = pszText;
    while (pszCurrent[0])
    {
        pszCurrent++;
    }
    return pszCurrent - pszText;
}
#endif

// UUIDs obtained from <windows.ui.notifications.h>
//
// ABI.Windows.UI.Notifications.IToastNotificationManagerStatics
// 50ac103f-d235-4598-bbef-98fe4d1a3ad4
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
    0x50ac103f,
    0xd235, 0x4598, 0xbb, 0xef,
    0x98, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0xd4
);
//
// ABI.Windows.Notifications.IToastNotificationFactory
// 04124b20-82c6-4229-b109-fd9ed4662b53
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
    0x04124b20,
    0x82c6, 0x4229, 0xb1, 0x09,
    0xfd, 0x9e, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x2b, 0x53
);

// UUIDs obtained from <windows.data.xml.dom.h>
//
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocument
// f7f3a506-1e87-42d6-bcfb-b8c809fa5494
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocument,
    0xf7f3a506,
    0x1e87, 0x42d6, 0xbc, 0xfb,
    0xb8, 0xc8, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x54, 0x94
);
//
// ABI.Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlDocumentIO
// 6cd0e74e-ee65-4489-9ebf-ca43e87ba637
DEFINE_GUID(UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
    0x6cd0e74e,
    0xee65, 0x4489, 0x9e, 0xbf,
    0xca, 0x43, 0xe8, 0x7b, 0xa6, 0x37
);

// This is the AppUserModelId of an application from the Start menu
// If you don't supply a valid entry here, the toast will have no icon
// The ID below is for Mozilla Thunderbird
#define APP_ID L"D78BF5DD33499EC2"

HRESULT CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
    const wchar_t* xmlString, 
    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument** doc
)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    HSTRING_HEADER header_IXmlDocumentHString;
    HSTRING IXmlDocumentHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument,
        (UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_Data_Xml_Dom_XmlDocument),
        &header_IXmlDocumentHString,
        &IXmlDocumentHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReference\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        return hr;
    }
    if (IXmlDocumentHString == NULL)
    {
        return E_POINTER;
    }

    IInspectable* pInspectable;
    hr = RoActivateInstance(IXmlDocumentHString, &pInspectable);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        hr = pInspectable->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
            pInspectable,
            &UIID_IXmlDocument,
            doc
        );
        pInspectable->lpVtbl->Release(pInspectable);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: RoActivateInstance\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        return hr;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocumentIO* docIO;
    (*doc)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(
        (*doc),
        &UIID_IXmlDocumentIO,
        &docIO
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: QueryInterface\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        return hr;
    }

    HSTRING_HEADER header_XmlString;
    HSTRING XmlString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        xmlString,
        (UINT32)__wcslen(xmlString),
        &header_XmlString,
        &XmlString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReference\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        docIO->lpVtbl->Release(docIO);
        return hr;
    }
    if (XmlString == NULL)
    {
        return E_POINTER;
    }

    hr = docIO->lpVtbl->LoadXml(docIO, XmlString);

    docIO->lpVtbl->Release(docIO);

    return hr;
}

int WINAPI wWinMain(
    _In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
    _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    _In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
    _In_ int nShowCmd
) 
{
#ifdef INCLUDE_DEFAULTLIB
    FILE* conout;
    AllocConsole();
    freopen_s(&conout, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
#endif

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    hr = RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: RoInitialize\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit0;
    }

    HSTRING_HEADER header_AppIdHString;
    HSTRING AppIdHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        APP_ID,
        (UINT32)__wcslen(APP_ID),
        &header_AppIdHString,
        &AppIdHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReference\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit1;
    }
    if (AppIdHString == NULL)
    {
        hr = E_POINTER;
        goto exit1;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CData_CXml_CDom_CIXmlDocument* inputXml = NULL;
    hr = CreateXmlDocumentFromString(
        L"<toast activationType=\"protocol\" launch=\"imsprevn://0\" duration=\"long\">\r\n"
        L"  <visual>\r\n"
        L"      <binding template=\"ToastGeneric\">\r\n"
        L"          <text><![CDATA[Hello, world]]></text>\r\n"
        L"          <text><![CDATA[Click me]]></text>\r\n"
        L"          <text placement=\"attribution\"><![CDATA[Bottom text]]></text>\r\n"
        L"      </binding>\r\n"
        L"  </visual>\r\n"
        L"  <audio src=\"ms-winsoundevent:Notification.Mail\" loop=\"false\" />\r\n"
        L"</toast>\r\n"
        , &inputXml
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: CreateXmlDocumentFromString\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit1;
    }

    HSTRING_HEADER header_ToastNotificationManagerHString;
    HSTRING ToastNotificationManagerHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager,
        (UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotificationManager),
        &header_ToastNotificationManagerHString,
        &ToastNotificationManagerHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReference\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit2;
    }
    if (ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULL)
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: ToastNotificationManagerHString == NULL\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        hr = E_POINTER;
        goto exit2;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationManagerStatics* toastStatics = NULL;
    hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
        ToastNotificationManagerHString,
        &UIID_IToastNotificationManagerStatics,
        (LPVOID*)&toastStatics
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: RoGetActivationFactory\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit2;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotifier* notifier;
    hr = toastStatics->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotifierWithId(
        toastStatics, 
        AppIdHString, 
        &notifier
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: CreateToastNotifierWithId\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit3;
    }
    
    HSTRING_HEADER header_ToastNotificationHString;
    HSTRING ToastNotificationHString;
    hr = WindowsCreateStringReference(
        RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification,
        (UINT32)__wcslen(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_ToastNotification),
        &header_ToastNotificationHString,
        &ToastNotificationHString
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: WindowsCreateStringReference\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit4;
    }
    if (ToastNotificationHString == NULL)
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: ToastNotificationHString == NULL\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        hr = E_POINTER;
        goto exit4;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotificationFactory* notifFactory = NULL;
    hr = RoGetActivationFactory(
        ToastNotificationHString,
        &UIID_IToastNotificationFactory,
        (LPVOID*)&notifFactory
    );
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: RoGetActivationFactory\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit4;
    }

    __x_ABI_CWindows_CUI_CNotifications_CIToastNotification* toast = NULL;
    hr = notifFactory->lpVtbl->CreateToastNotification(notifFactory, inputXml, &toast);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: CreateToastNotification\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit5;
    }

    hr = notifier->lpVtbl->Show(notifier, toast);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        printf("%s:%d:: Show\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        goto exit6;
    }

    // We have to wait a bit for the COM threads to deliver the notification
    // to the system, I think
    // Don't know any better, yielding (Sleep(0)) is not enough
    Sleep(1);

    exit6:
    toast->lpVtbl->Release(toast);
    exit5:
    notifFactory->lpVtbl->Release(notifFactory);
    exit4:
    notifier->lpVtbl->Release(notifier);
    exit3:
    toastStatics->lpVtbl->Release(toastStatics);
    exit2:
    inputXml->lpVtbl->Release(inputXml);
    exit1:
    RoUninitialize();
    exit0:
    Done(hr);
}

最新版本：https://gist.github.com/valinet/3283c79ba35fc8f103c747c8adbb6b23
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