在SQL中创建After Insert、After Update和After Delete触发器

Question

我正在尝试创建一个触发器，在每次插入、更新或删除数据后触发。插入的触发器工作正常，但更新和删除时遇到了一些问题。这是插入后触发器的代码:

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterInsert ON  [DR].[dbo].[Derived_Values]
FOR INSERT
AS  
    insert into [Main].[dbo].[Derived_Values_Test]
           (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) 
    SELECT BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer
    FROM inserted;

这是我为更新所做的事情，但似乎不正确。

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterUpdate ON  [DR].[dbo].[Derived_Values]
FOR UPDATE
AS  

Update [Main].[dbo].[Derived_Values_Test]
set BusinessUnit = 'Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.'; 
GO

我该如何创建更新和删除的触发器？谢谢。

- moe

---

创建它们的语法与“INSERT”触发器完全相同，只是使用了“FOR UPDATE”/“FOR DELETE”。您遇到了什么确切的问题？“UPDATE”和“DELETE”触发器应该做什么？ - Martin Smith

我只想在BusinessUnit更新时更新它，基本上我希望它的工作方式与插入触发器相同。 - moe

你只是想要确保[Main].[dbo].[Derived_Values_Test]与[DR].[dbo].[Derived_Values]完全同步吗？ - Martin Smith

是的，确切地说这就是我想要的。 - moe

让我们在聊天室里继续这个讨论。 - moe

Answer 1

(更新: 我在此事上忽略了一个错误，我已经更正)

(更新2: 我从记忆中写出的代码出了问题，已修复)

(更新3: 在SQLFiddle上检查)

create table Derived_Values
  (
    BusinessUnit nvarchar(100) not null
    ,Questions nvarchar(100) not null
    ,Answer nvarchar(100)
    )

go

ALTER TABLE Derived_Values ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Derived_Values
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (BusinessUnit, Questions);

create table Derived_Values_Test
  (
    BusinessUnit nvarchar(150)
    ,Questions nvarchar(100)
    ,Answer nvarchar(100)
    )

go

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterUpdate ON  [Derived_Values]
FOR UPDATE
AS  
begin
    declare @BusinessUnit nvarchar(50)
    set @BusinessUnit = 'Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.'

    insert into 
        [Derived_Values_Test]
        --(BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) 
    SELECT 
        @BusinessUnit + i.BusinessUnit, i.Questions, i.Answer
    FROM 
        inserted i
        inner join deleted d on i.BusinessUnit = d.BusinessUnit
end

go

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterDelete ON  [Derived_Values]
FOR UPDATE
AS  
begin
    declare @BusinessUnit nvarchar(50)
    set @BusinessUnit = 'Deleted Record -- After Delete Trigger.'

    insert into 
        [Derived_Values_Test]
        --(BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) 
    SELECT 
        @BusinessUnit + d.BusinessUnit, d.Questions, d.Answer
    FROM 
        deleted d
end

go

insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU1', 'Q11', 'A11')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU1', 'Q12', 'A12')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU2', 'Q21', 'A21')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU2', 'Q22', 'A22')

UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A11' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU1') AND (Questions = 'Q11');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A12' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU1') AND (Questions = 'Q12');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A21' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU2') AND (Questions = 'Q21');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A22' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU2') AND (Questions = 'Q22');

delete Derived_Values;

然后：

SELECT * FROM Derived_Values;
go

select * from Derived_Values_Test;


Record Count: 0;

BUSINESSUNIT    QUESTIONS   ANSWER
Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.BU1  Q11 Updated Answers A11
Deleted Record -- After Delete Trigger.BU1  Q11 A11
Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.BU1  Q12 Updated Answers A12
Deleted Record -- After Delete Trigger.BU1  Q12 A12
Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.BU2  Q21 Updated Answers A21
Deleted Record -- After Delete Trigger.BU2  Q21 A21
Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.BU2  Q22 Updated Answers A22
Deleted Record -- After Delete Trigger.BU2  Q22 A22

(更新4：如果您想同步：SQLFiddle)

create table Derived_Values
  (
    BusinessUnit nvarchar(100) not null
    ,Questions nvarchar(100) not null
    ,Answer nvarchar(100)
    )

go

ALTER TABLE Derived_Values ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Derived_Values
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (BusinessUnit, Questions);

create table Derived_Values_Test
  (
    BusinessUnit nvarchar(150) not null
    ,Questions nvarchar(100) not null
    ,Answer nvarchar(100)
    )

go

ALTER TABLE Derived_Values_Test ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Derived_Values_Test
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (BusinessUnit, Questions);

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterInsert ON  [Derived_Values]
FOR INSERT
AS  
begin
    insert
        [Derived_Values_Test]
        (BusinessUnit,Questions,Answer)
    SELECT 
        i.BusinessUnit, i.Questions, i.Answer
    FROM 
        inserted i
end

go


CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterUpdate ON  [Derived_Values]
FOR UPDATE
AS  
begin
    declare @BusinessUnit nvarchar(50)
    set @BusinessUnit = 'Updated Record -- After Update Trigger.'

    update
        [Derived_Values_Test]
    set
        --BusinessUnit = i.BusinessUnit
        --,Questions = i.Questions
        Answer = i.Answer
    from
        [Derived_Values]
        inner join inserted i 
    on
        [Derived_Values].BusinessUnit = i.BusinessUnit
        and
        [Derived_Values].Questions = i.Questions
end

go

CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterDelete ON  [Derived_Values]
FOR DELETE
AS  
begin
    delete 
        [Derived_Values_Test]
    from
        [Derived_Values_Test]
        inner join deleted d 
    on
        [Derived_Values_Test].BusinessUnit = d.BusinessUnit
        and
        [Derived_Values_Test].Questions = d.Questions
end

go

insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU1', 'Q11', 'A11')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU1', 'Q12', 'A12')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU2', 'Q21', 'A21')
insert Derived_Values (BusinessUnit,Questions, Answer) values ('BU2', 'Q22', 'A22')

UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A11' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU1') AND (Questions = 'Q11');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A12' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU1') AND (Questions = 'Q12');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A21' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU2') AND (Questions = 'Q21');
UPDATE Derived_Values SET Answer='Updated Answers A22' from Derived_Values WHERE (BusinessUnit = 'BU2') AND (Questions = 'Q22');

--delete Derived_Values;

然后：

SELECT * FROM Derived_Values;
go

select * from Derived_Values_Test;


BUSINESSUNIT    QUESTIONS   ANSWER
BU1 Q11 Updated Answers A11
BU1 Q12 Updated Answers A12
BU2 Q21 Updated Answers A21
BU2 Q22 Updated Answers A22

BUSINESSUNIT    QUESTIONS   ANSWER
BU1 Q11 Updated Answers A11
BU1 Q12 Updated Answers A12
BU2 Q21 Updated Answers A21
BU2 Q22 Updated Answers A22

- Gábor Plesz