如何在使用tkinter创建的窗口中添加滚动条。

Question

一个简单的问答游戏

我拿到了这个代码，但是我需要添加滚动条，我尝试在stackoverflow上搜索如何添加它（使用tix的ScrolledWindow...），但我仍然不能得到适当运行的结果。有人可以帮忙吗？

from tkinter import *
from random import randint

root = Tk()
root.title("Quiz")
root.geometry("400x300")


class Window:

    def __init__(self, question, answer):
        self.text = [question, answer]
        self.createLabel()
        # self.createText()
        self.createEntry()
        self.createButton()

    def retrieve_input(self):
        # inputValue = self.textBox.get("1.0", "end-1c")
        # print(inputValue)
        if self.mystring.get() == self.text[1]:
            print("Esatto. è " + self.text[1])
            self.left['text'] = "Esatto"

    def createLabel(self):
        self.labelframe = LabelFrame(root, text="Domanda:")
        self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand="yes")
        self.left = Label(self.labelframe, text=self.text[0])
        self.left.pack()

    def createText(self):
        self.textBox = Text(height=1)
        self.textBox.pack()

    def createEntry(self):
        self.mystring = StringVar()
        self.myentry = Entry(root, textvariable=self.mystring).pack()

    def createButton(self):
        self.but = Button(text="Click", command=self.retrieve_input)
        self.but.pack()


for i in range(10):
    one = randint(1, 10)
    two = randint(1, 10)
    Window("Quanto fa " + str(one) + "+" + str(two) + "?", str(one + two))

root.mainloop()

输出

- PythonProgrammi

---

有关如何使用Canvas滚动Frame的示例，例如ScrolledFrame和用法示例。 - furas

Answer 1

使用 ScrolledFrame 后，它的样子会像这样

• 我将 Window 重命名为 Question，因为这样更有意义
• 我使用 self.question 和 self.answer 代替 self.text = [question, answer]，使其更易读。
• 我将类和函数放在 root = tk.Tk() 之前，使其更易读。
• 我使用 import tkinter as tk 代替 from tkinter import *，使其更易读。

Question 从 ScrolledFrame 获取内部框架，并将其用作 LabelFrame 的父级。其他小部件使用 labelframe 作为父级。

顺便说一句：你有一个 entry = Entry(..).pack()，它将 None 赋值给 entry，因为 pack()/grid()/place() 返回 None。我将 pack() 放在下一行，现在我可以直接从 Entry 中获取文本（无需使用 StringVar）

代码

import tkinter as tk
from random import randint

# --- classes ---

class ScrolledFrame(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, vertical=True, horizontal=False):
        super().__init__(parent)

        # canvas for inner frame
        self._canvas = tk.Canvas(self)
        self._canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='news') # changed

        # create right scrollbar and connect to canvas Y
        self._vertical_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='vertical', command=self._canvas.yview)
        if vertical:
            self._vertical_bar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ns')
        self._canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self._vertical_bar.set)

        # create bottom scrollbar and connect to canvas X
        self._horizontal_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='horizontal', command=self._canvas.xview)
        if horizontal:
            self._horizontal_bar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='we')
        self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self._horizontal_bar.set)

        # inner frame for widgets
        self.inner = tk.Frame(self._canvas, bg='red')
        self._window = self._canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.inner, anchor='nw')

        # autoresize inner frame
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) # changed
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # changed

        # resize when configure changed
        self.inner.bind('<Configure>', self.resize)
        self._canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.frame_width)

    def frame_width(self, event):
        # resize inner frame to canvas size
        canvas_width = event.width
        self._canvas.itemconfig(self._window, width = canvas_width)

    def resize(self, event=None): 
        self._canvas.configure(scrollregion=self._canvas.bbox('all'))

class Question:

    def __init__(self, parent, question, answer):
        self.parent = parent
        self.question = question
        self.answer = answer
        self.create_widgets()

    def get_input(self):
        value = self.entry.get()
        print('value:', value)
        if value == self.answer:
            print("Esatto. è " + self.answer)
            self.label['text'] = "Esatto"

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.labelframe = tk.LabelFrame(self.parent, text="Domanda:")
        self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand=True)

        self.label = tk.Label(self.labelframe, text=self.question)
        self.label.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

        self.entry = tk.Entry(self.labelframe)
        self.entry.pack()

        self.button = tk.Button(self.labelframe, text="Click", command=self.get_input)
        self.button.pack()

# --- main ---

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Quiz")
root.geometry("400x300")

window = ScrolledFrame(root)
window.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

for i in range(10):
    one = randint(1, 10)
    two = randint(1, 10)
    Question(window.inner, "Quanto fa {} + {} ?".format(one, two), str(one + two))

root.mainloop()

- furas

---

非常感谢您，furas。我一直在努力尝试将滚动条添加到该窗口中，但很困惑。 - PythonProgrammi