C语言中的三维字符数组

Question

    char monsternivel1[][3][4] = {
    {"Rat","Bat","Spider"},
    {"Goblin","Orc","Drawf"},
    {"Dragon","Lich","Banshee"},
    {"Demon","Hydra","Giant Spider"}
    };

它说：

> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c||In function 'rndMonster':| E:\Dungeon
> Crawler.c|10|warning: initializer-string for array of chars is too
> long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|10|warning: (near
> initialization for 'monsternivel1[0][2]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|11|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|11|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[1][0]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|11|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|11|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[1][2]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|12|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|12|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[2][0]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|12|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|12|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[2][2]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[3][0]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[3][1]') [enabled by default]|
> E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning: initializer-string for array of chars
> is too long [enabled by default]| E:\Dungeon Crawler.c|13|warning:
> (near initialization for 'monsternivel1[3][2]') [enabled by default]|

我不理解字符型的三维数组，你有什么想法吗？ 第一个[]应该是变量，第二个[]应该是字符串数量，第三个[]应该是类别？

- Lucas Bertollo

Answer 1

你可能想要做的是：

const char *monsternivel1[4][3] = {
    {"Rat","Bat","Spider"},
    {"Goblin","Orc","Drawf"},
    {"Dragon","Lich","Banshee"},
    {"Demon","Hydra","Giant Spider"}
  };

这仍然是一个char*的二维数组。请注意，二维数组的顺序是 [行][列] 而不是 [列][行]。

- Constantin

---

那么我不需要三维数组吗？ - Lucas Bertollo

@LucasBertollo 是的，在这种情况下，2个维度绝对足够了。我认为增加更多维度只会使它变得更复杂，难以维护。如果你将char*作为数组的类型，一个“条目”已经是一个以空字符结尾的字符串 - 所以维度实际上只是为了字符串本身（不需要为每个字符设置维度）。 - Constantin

哦，谢谢。还有一个问题，const 和变量名前的 * 是什么意思？ - Lucas Bertollo

@Constantin，char *和char[]之间有区别，你没有提到，这可能会出现严重问题。因为没有解释这里的权衡，所以我给你打-1分。 - zubergu

像我说的那样，这取决于观点。通常，“高维数组”即使在第二维中也是用指针构建的。尽管内存布局不等同于真正的3D数组，但生成的数据结构仍然通常称为数组。 - Arkku

Answer 2

如果需要一个3D数组，那么最后一维必须足够大以容纳每个字符串：

char monsternivel1[][3][13] = {
    { "Rat", "Bat", "Spider" },
    { "Goblin", "Orc", "Dwarf" },
    { "Dragon", "Lich", "Banshee" },
    { "Demon", "Hydra", "Giant Spider" },
};

注意：'drawf'应为'dwarf'。

- Jonathan Leffler

Answer 3

正如错误信息所述，您尝试初始化的数组长度不足以容纳这些字符串的所有字符。

例如，“Giant Spider”需要13个字符，包括终止空字符'\0'。

请尝试以下操作：

char monsternivel1[4][3][13] = {
    {"Rat","Bat","Spider"},
    {"Goblin","Orc","Drawf"},
    {"Dragon","Lich","Banshee"},
    {"Demon","Hydra","Giant Spider"}
 };

这个问题可以用指针的方式来思考。不确定你是否熟悉指针，但在C语言中，字符数组被实现为指向数组中第一个字符的指针。

因此，数组的第一个索引指定了指向字符指针数组的指针数。

第二个索引指定了每个指针数组中的字符数组指针数。

最后，第三个索引指定了包含数据的最终数组中字符（长度）的最大数量。

无论你想要一个2D指针数组还是一个3D字符数组取决于你计划在程序的其他地方如何处理数据。

- Max Wallace