Django静态文件无法加载

Question

Django静态文件无法加载

4

我正在尝试将静态文件（如css、js等）导入到我的Django项目中。但无论我尝试什么，它都会显示错误500。我已经阅读了官方文档https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/，但我就是看不出问题所在 :/ 。让我困扰的是模板导入似乎可以正常工作。

我在开发控制台中看到的GET请求也似乎是合法的，例如：“http://127.0.0.1:8000/static/css/custom.css”，其中custom.css在/project_folder/static/css/custom.css中。

我的文件夹结构：

myproject
-> static
-->css
--->custom.css
-> templates
-->base.html(where i request the static file)
-> myproject(app)
-->settings.oy
-->urls.py
-> data_handler(app)
-->static

这是我的settings.py文件：

"""
Django settings for myproject project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myproject',
    'info_pages',
    'data_handler',
]

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'myproject.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myproject.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/


STATICFILES_DIRS = ( 
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static/'),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'data_handler/static/'),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'myproject/static/'),
    )

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT= os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static/')

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

我导入静态文件的base.html：

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>
  <meta name="generator" content=
  "HTML Tidy for HTML5 (experimental) for Mac OS X https://github.com/w3c/tidy-html5/tree/c63cc39">
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

  <title>SMGR: Slime Mold Graph Repository</title>
  <link href="{% static "css/bootstrap.min.css" %}" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="{% static "css/sticky_footer.css" %}" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="{% static "css/custom.css" %}" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="{% static "css/expandy.css" %}" rel="stylesheet">
  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="{% static "favicon/favicon.ico" %}"/>
  <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>
    {% block content %}
    {% endblock content %}
<div class="spacer-huge"/>
</body>

<footer class="footer" style="left:0px;">
  <div class="container" style="margin-top:9px">
    <a href="http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/algorithms-complexity/">
      <img src="{% static "images/mpilogo-inf-wide.png" %}" alt="mpi logo"></a>
    <div style="float:right">
      <p class="small">
        <a href="http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/imprint/" style="font-size:large;">Imprint</a>
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</footer>
  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js">
</script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
   <script src="{% static "js/bootstrap.min.js" %}">
</script>

- gdenn

您还需要在根urls.py中添加URL。请查看此链接https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/#serving-static-files-during-development - Rajesh Yogeshwar

@RajeshYogeshwar 是正确的，只有一个小细节，你需要在 DEBUG = True 的情况下执行此操作，这是您的情况。在生产中，这是另一种方式。 - Bestasttung

谢谢！我已经修改我的settings.py文件，将我的staticfiles_dirs硬编码到其中，这样我就不必在urls.py中做任何额外的努力了。 - gdenn

1个回答

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- Bestasttung · Accepted Answer

在Django 1.9中，有两种方法可以做到这一点。由于DEBUG=True，您的runserver会模拟服务器，但您需要提供静态资源。

因此，您可以执行以下操作：

Use django.contrib.staticfiles in your app, and set the good static dir and url (in a list).

Serve them in your root url file just like

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    # ... the rest of your URLconf goes here ...
] + static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

当您的项目将由真实服务器提供服务时，您需要执行此操作。