我有多个Tkinter列表框,使用单个滚动条进行滚动,但我也希望它们在任何一个列表框上进行鼠标滚轮活动时一起滚动。
如何实现这一点?
我的当前代码基于此处讨论的最后一个模式:http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/listbox.htm。 当仅使用滚动条时,它可以正常工作,但是当使用鼠标滚轮时,列表框会独立滚动。
我有多个Tkinter列表框,使用单个滚动条进行滚动,但我也希望它们在任何一个列表框上进行鼠标滚轮活动时一起滚动。
如何实现这一点?
我的当前代码基于此处讨论的最后一个模式:http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/listbox.htm。 当仅使用滚动条时,它可以正常工作,但是当使用鼠标滚轮时,列表框会独立滚动。
我知道这个问题很老了,但我认为解决方案比这里提供的要简单一些。假设你总是希望列表框达成一致,那么以上两个答案甚至都不是完整的解决方案 - 使用箭头键更改选择会滚动一个列表框,而另一个列表框则不会。
所以,看着这两个答案,我问自己 - 他们为什么不挂钩yscrollcommand回调而只是直接将其发送到滚动条呢?因此,我就这样做了:
try:
from Tkinter import *
except ImportError:
from tkinter import *
class MultipleScrollingListbox(Tk):
def __init__(self):
Tk.__init__(self)
self.title('Scrolling Multiple Listboxes')
#the shared scrollbar
self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient='vertical')
#note that yscrollcommand is set to a custom method for each listbox
self.list1 = Listbox(self, yscrollcommand=self.yscroll1)
self.list1.pack(fill='y', side='left')
self.list2 = Listbox(self, yscrollcommand=self.yscroll2)
self.list2.pack(expand=1, fill='both', side='left')
self.scrollbar.config(command=self.yview)
self.scrollbar.pack(side='right', fill='y')
#fill the listboxes with stuff
for x in xrange(30):
self.list1.insert('end', x)
self.list2.insert('end', x)
#I'm sure there's probably a slightly cleaner way to do it than this
#Nevertheless - whenever one listbox updates its vertical position,
#the method checks to make sure that the other one gets updated as well.
#Without the check, I *think* it might recurse infinitely.
#Never tested, though.
def yscroll1(self, *args):
if self.list2.yview() != self.list1.yview():
self.list2.yview_moveto(args[0])
self.scrollbar.set(*args)
def yscroll2(self, *args):
if self.list1.yview() != self.list2.yview():
self.list1.yview_moveto(args[0])
self.scrollbar.set(*args)
def yview(self, *args):
self.list1.yview(*args)
self.list2.yview(*args)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = MultipleScrollingListbox()
root.mainloop()
import Tkinter as tk
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.root=tk.Tk()
self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(orient="vertical", command=self.OnVsb)
self.lb1 = tk.Listbox(self.root, yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set)
self.lb2 = tk.Listbox(self.root, yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set)
self.vsb.pack(side="right",fill="y")
self.lb1.pack(side="left",fill="x", expand=True)
self.lb2.pack(side="left",fill="x", expand=True)
self.lb1.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.OnMouseWheel)
self.lb2.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.OnMouseWheel)
for i in range(100):
self.lb1.insert("end","item %s" % i)
self.lb2.insert("end","item %s" % i)
self.root.mainloop()
def OnVsb(self, *args):
self.lb1.yview(*args)
self.lb2.yview(*args)
def OnMouseWheel(self, event):
self.lb1.yview("scroll", event.delta,"units")
self.lb2.yview("scroll",event.delta,"units")
# this prevents default bindings from firing, which
# would end up scrolling the widget twice
return "break"
app=App()
这是我的当前解决方案,编码为独立的函数(是的,它应该是一个对象)。
特点/要求:
代码:
def showLists(l, *lists):
"""
Present passed equal-length lists in adjacent scrollboxes.
"""
# This exists mainly for me to start learning about Tkinter.
# This widget reqires at least one list be passed, and as many additional
# lists as desired. Each list is displayed in its own listbox, with
# additional listboxes added to the right as needed to display all lists.
# The width of each listbox is set to match the max width of its contents.
# Caveat: Too wide or too many lists, and the widget can be wider than the screen!
# The listboxes scroll together, using either the scrollbar or mousewheel.
# :TODO: Refactor as an object with methods.
# :TODO: Move to a separate file when other widgets are built.
# Check arguments
if (l is None) or (len(l) < 1):
return
listOfLists = [l] # Form a list of lists for subsequent processing
listBoxes = [] # List of listboxes
if len(lists) > 0:
for list in lists:
# All lists must match length of first list
# :TODO: Add tail filling for short lists, with error for long lists
if len(list) != len(l):
return
listOfLists.append(list)
import Tkinter
def onVsb(*args):
"""
When the scrollbar moves, scroll the listboxes.
"""
for lb in listBoxes:
lb.yview(*args)
def onMouseWheel(event):
"""
Convert mousewheel motion to scrollbar motion.
"""
if (event.num == 4): # Linux encodes wheel as 'buttons' 4 and 5
delta = -1
elif (event.num == 5):
delta = 1
else: # Windows & OSX
delta = event.delta
for lb in listBoxes:
lb.yview("scroll", delta, "units")
# Return 'break' to prevent the default bindings from
# firing, which would end up scrolling the widget twice.
return "break"
# Create root window and scrollbar
root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.title('Samples w/ time step < 0')
vsb = Tkinter.Scrollbar(root, orient=Tkinter.VERTICAL, command=onVsb)
vsb.pack(side=Tkinter.RIGHT, fill=Tkinter.Y)
# Create listboxes
for i in xrange(0,len(listOfLists)):
lb = Tkinter.Listbox(root, yscrollcommand=vsb.set)
lb.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT, fill=Tkinter.BOTH)
# Bind wheel events on both Windows/OSX & Linux;
lb.bind("<MouseWheel>", onMouseWheel)
lb.bind("<Button-4>", onMouseWheel)
lb.bind("<Button-5>", onMouseWheel)
# Fill the listbox
maxWidth = 0
for item in listOfLists[i]:
s = str(item)
if len(s) > maxWidth:
maxWidth = len(s)
lb.insert(Tkinter.END, s)
lb.config(width=maxWidth+1)
listBoxes.append(lb) # Add listbox to list of listboxes
# Show the widget
Tkinter.mainloop()
# End of showLists()
欢迎提出改进建议!
我已经制作了一个非常简单的过程性解决方案。在查看教程点网站上有关如何为一个小部件使用滚动条的信息(https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/tk_scrollbar.htm)后,我将其改编为同时滚动多个文本框(您可以更改代码以使用列表框)。此解决方案将在使用滚动条时更新所有三个文本框。
import tkinter as tk
HEIGHT = 200
WIDTH = 300
def scroll(x, y):
l_textbox.yview(x,y)
m_textbox.yview(x,y)
r_textbox.yview(x,y)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root,height = HEIGHT, width = WIDTH, bg = "white")
canvas.pack()
frame = tk.Frame(root, bg ='white')
frame.place(relx=0,rely=0,relwidth=1,relheight=1)
scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame)
l_label = tk.Label (frame, text = "Left")
l_label.place(relx=0, rely=0)
m_label = tk.Label (frame, text= "Middle")
m_label.place(relx=0.3, rely=0)
r_label = tk.Label (frame, text= "Right")
r_label.place(relx=0.6, rely=0)
l_textbox = tk.Text(frame, yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set)
l_textbox.config(font = ('Arial',9))
l_textbox.place(relx=0, rely=0.2,relwidth=0.3,relheight=0.8)
m_textbox = tk.Text(frame, yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set)
m_textbox.config(font = ('Arial',9))
m_textbox.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.2,relwidth=0.3,relheight=0.8)
r_textbox = tk.Text(frame, yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set)
r_textbox.config(font = ('Arial',9))
r_textbox.place(relx=0.6, rely=0.2,relwidth=0.3,relheight=0.8)
scrollbar.config( command = scroll)
scrollbar.place(relx = 0.9, relwidth = 0.1,relheight = 1)
for i in range(0, 100):
l_textbox.insert(tk.INSERT, str(i)+"\n")
m_textbox.insert(tk.INSERT, str(i)+"\n")
r_textbox.insert(tk.INSERT, str(i)+"\n")
l_textbox.place()
m_textbox.place()
r_textbox.place()
root.mainloop()
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
# Scrolling multiple listboxes together
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.config(padx=10, pady=10)
self.vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(command=self.scrollbar_command)
self.lb1 = tk.Listbox(
self.root, yscrollcommand=self.lb1_yscrollcommand)
self.lb2 = tk.Listbox(
self.root, yscrollcommand=self.lb2_yscrollcommand)
self.vsb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
self.lb1.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
self.lb2.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
# Generate some dummy data
for i in range(100):
self.lb1.insert("end", f"item lb1 {i}")
self.lb2.insert("end", f"item lb2 {i}")
self.root.mainloop()
def lb1_yscrollcommand(self, *args):
"""Only one listbox should update the scrollbar.
Listbox 'lb1' plays the role of the master listbox.
It controls the scrollbar and the 'slave' listbox 'lb2' """
print("lb1_yscrollcommand:", args)
self.vsb.set(*args) # update the scrollbar
self.lb2.yview("moveto", args[0]) # update the 'slave' listbox
def lb2_yscrollcommand(self, *args):
"""Slave listbox 'lb2' controls the master listbox 'lb1' """
print("lb2_yscrollcommand:", args)
self.lb1.yview("moveto", args[0]) # update the 'master' listbox
def scrollbar_command(self, *args):
"""Scrollbar controls listboxes"""
self.lb1.yview(*args)
self.lb2.yview(*args)
app = App()
在一段时间前看过这个问题并不理解答案后,我现在已经制作并理解了自己的实现方法,使用鼠标滚轮,如下所示:
滚动的绑定参数在不同的操作系统之间是不同的。在Windows上是'<MouseWheel>'
,在Mac上是<'Button-4'>
,在Linux上是<'Button-5'>
。所以,首先你可以像这样找到用户的操作系统:
from sys import platform
global OS
if platform == 'linux' or platform == 'linux2':
OS = 'Linux'
elif platform == 'darwin':
OS = 'Mac'
elif platform == 'win32' or platform == 'win64':
OS = 'Windows'
else:
raise Exception("An error occurred in determining user's operating system.")
声明和绑定列表框小部件:
如果在小部件声明中没有放入exportselection = False
参数,Tkinter只允许一个列表框在任何时候有一个选择。即使列表框可以一起滚动,用户仍然可以通过除鼠标滚轮以外的方式来破坏滚动同步。
<'B1-Leave'>
允许用户通过点击鼠标并拖出小部件来滚动列表框。<'ButtonRelease-1'>
允许用户通过点击和拖动来更改列表框的次要选择。<'Key'>
允许用户使用箭头键滚动列表框。为了保持滚动同步,这些事件必须被停止,这必须通过事件触发一个break
语句来实现。即使事件被传递给另一个函数,如果它没有触发break
,它仍然会继续执行。为了在绑定语句中中断一个事件,'break'
必须是一个字符串。例如:
LB1 = Listbox(parent, bg = White, height = 20, width = 1, relief = 'sunken', exportselection = False, selectmode = 'single') #Width = 1 note on line 75
LB1.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
LB1.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', lambda event: SearchListboxClick(event, listOfListboxes, LB1))
LB1.bind('<MouseWheel>', lambda event: CombinedListboxScroll(event, listOfListboxes))
LB1.bind('<Button-4>', lambda event: CombinedListboxScroll(event, listOfListboxes))
LB1.bind('<Button-5>', lambda event: CombinedListboxScroll(event, listOfListboxes))
LB1.bind('<B1-Leave>', lambda event: 'break') #Stops listbox scrolling by clicking mouse and dragging
LB1.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', lambda event: 'break') #Stops listbox secondary selection being changed by mouse click and drag
LB1.bind('<Key>', lambda event: 'break') #Stops arrow keys from
listOfListboxes = [LB1, LB2, LB3, LB4, LB5]
def CombinedListboxScroll(event, listOfListboxes):
'''Takes list of listboxes and scrolls all of them simultaneously.'''
if OS == 'Windows':
for lb in listOfListboxes:
lb.yview_scroll(int(-1 * (event.delta/120)), 'units')
elif OS == 'Mac':
for lb in listOfListboxes:
lb.yview_scroll(int(-1 * event.delta), 'units')
else: #OS == Linux
for lb in listOfListboxes:
lb.yview_scroll(int(-1 * (event.delta/120)), 'units')
def CombinedListboxSelect(event, listOfListboxes, boxClicked):
'''Takes a list of listboxes, and sets their selection to an index clicked by the user in boxClicked.'''
if boxClicked.curselection() != (): #To stop blank tuples erroring the function. I don't know why they are passed sometimes
selectedIndex = (boxClicked.curselection())[0] #Parenthesis have to be like this
boxClicked.selection_set(selectedIndex)
for listbox in listOfListboxes:
listbox.selection_clear(0, END) #If this is not done, the last selected item will stay selected on top of the new one also being selected.
listbox.selection_set(selectedIndex)