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Spring JUnit测试用例失败

javaspringjunittestcase
8

我尝试运行一个JUnit测试用例，用于检测ProductDAO类，这是Spring Web应用程序的一部分。但它仍然失败。我不确定是否是由于我的test-context.xml文件造成的。

在路径src/test/java中有ProductDAOImplTest类，而在堆栈跟踪中提到的ProductController类保存在路径src/main/java中。

ProductDAOImplTest

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("file:src/test/resources/test-context.xml")
@Transactional
public class ProductDAOImplTest {

    @Autowired
    private ProductDAO productDAO;

    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Test
    public void testEdit() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAll() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGet() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Test
    public void testRemove() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetByPage() {
        fail("Not yet implemented");
    }

}

test-context.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.myapp" />
    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- JDBC -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"
        p:location="file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties" />

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
        p:url="${jdbc.databaseurl}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}" />

    <!-- Hibernate -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="configLocation">
            <value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
        </property>
        <property name="configurationClass">
            <value>org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration</value>
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.dialect}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>



</beans>

堆栈跟踪

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:103)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:73)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:313)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'productController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest com.myapp.controller.ProductController.request; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1120)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:607)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:106)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:57)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)
    ... 24 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest com.myapp.controller.ProductController.request; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
    ... 40 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:949)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:818)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:730)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)
    ... 42 more
我认为你的 file:src/test/resources/test-context.xml 应该作为 classpath:test-context.xml 可用。 - Boris Treukhov
4个回答
27

错误出现在堆栈跟踪中。

无法自动装配字段：javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest com.myapp.controller.ProductController.request; ... 没有找到匹配的类型[javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest]

问题在于简单的Spring测试使用裸露的Spring应用程序上下文运行，没有Spring Web应用程序上下文功能。因此，在此情况下不可用HttpServletRequests，Servlet Context和其他功能。

尝试将@WebAppConfiguration注释添加到测试类中。

请注意，此选项仅适用于Spring 3.2+版本。

在旧版Spring中，您需要发明某些东西，以使此接口实现在应用程序上下文中可用（最直接的方法是为测试公开MockServletContext类和/或HttpServletRequest接口作为bean）。

还请注意，使用会话范围bean的代码通常是控制器特定的，并属于Web应用程序上下文，我认为最佳实践是使用@WebAppConfiguration在单独的测试中测试控制器，但是将属于根应用程序上下文的普通旧bean和服务的测试保留在简单的应用程序上下文中，即不使用@WebAppConfiguration。

只是为了清楚起见，ProductDAO属于根应用程序上下文，而ProductController属于Web应用程序上下文，因此它们的定义应放置在不同的xml文件中。ProductDAO测试应仅指向根应用程序上下文的xml，并且不包含@WebAppConfiguration。

有关ProductController测试，应该指向根应用程序上下文和Web应用程序上下文xml文件（请参见如何设置Spring MVC测试中的Web应用程序上下文的示例），并且应使用@WebAppConfiguration进行注释。
8

目前您所做的是不错的，虽然我认为这更像是集成测试而不是单元测试。

我的主要建议是仅启动组件测试中绝对需要的那些系统部分，例如 ProductDAO 。

您似乎已经在某种程度上这样做了，但可能有所帮助的是将 component-scan 的范围缩小到保留DAO的地方，例如：

<context:component-scan base-package="com.myapp.dao" />

这样可以避免选择更高级别的组件，如控制器和服务。
然后，您可以将上下文重命名为test-dao-context.xml并在所有其他DAO测试中使用它。
当您进行集成测试服务时，您可以拥有一个test-service-context.xml上下文，它导入test-dao-context.xml，允许您从服务到数据库进行测试，而不需要太多重复的bean定义。
谢谢，更改组件扫描的包解决了问题。建议的方式是Spring框架的标准还是你的技巧？ - misco
1
@misco 我不能说这是标准的，但对我来说一直很有效。很高兴你解决了问题。 - Jonathan
4
您的单元测试设置让我(非常)紧张。您试图引导所有内容，包括Hibernate、事务管理器和组件扫描。您几乎需要自己的容器来完成这项工作。
通常，良好的单元测试集中在每个测试类中仅一个类，并使用Mockito等库模拟其所有依赖项。
我是Spring测试的初学者，那么正确的单元测试设置应该是什么样子的？ - misco
2
问题中的测试不是单元测试，但它并没有什么问题——这是一个在容器中进行的集成测试，用于测试Spring上下文配置和bean（JUnit只是在这种情况下运行测试的工具）。 - Boris Treukhov
0

我同意gerrytan和Jonathan所写的内容。我还建议看一下Springockito，以便更轻松地进行模拟。

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