以下模块将使用Windows API调用检索Windows文件的创建时间、修改时间或访问时间,包括毫秒。
但必须注意可能存在一些潜在问题。其中一个重要问题是VBA Date
数据类型的分辨率为1秒,因此日期时间需要以字符串形式返回,或者存储在不同的数据类型中(Currency
是正确的大小)。
Option Explicit
Declare Function GetFileTime Lib "kernel32.dll" (ByVal hFile As Long, _
lpCreationTime As FILETIME, lpLastAccessTime As FILETIME, _
lpLastWriteTime As FILETIME) As Long
Declare Function CreateFile Lib "kernel32.dll" Alias "CreateFileA" _
(ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, _
ByVal dwShareMode As Long, lpSecurityAttributes As Any, _
ByVal dwCreationDisposition As Long, ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Long, _
ByVal hTemplateFile As Long) As Long
Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32.dll" (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
Declare Function FileTimeToSystemTime Lib "kernel32.dll" _
(lpFileTime As FILETIME, lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME) As Long
Type FILETIME
dwLowDateTime As Long
dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type
Type SYSTEMTIME
wYear As Integer
wMonth As Integer
wDayOfWeek As Integer
wDay As Integer
wHour As Integer
wMinute As Integer
wSecond As Integer
wMilliseconds As Integer
End Type
Const GENERIC_READ = &H80000000
Const GENERIC_WRITE = &H40000000
Const FILE_SHARE_READ = &H1
Const FILE_SHARE_WRITE = &H2
Const CREATE_ALWAYS = 2
Const CREATE_NEW = 1
Const OPEN_ALWAYS = 4
Const OPEN_EXISTING = 3
Const TRUNCATE_EXISTING = 5
Const FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE = &H20
Const FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN = &H2
Const FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = &H80
Const FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY = &H1
Const FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM = &H4
Const FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE = &H4000000
Const FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING = &H20000000
Const FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED = &H40000000
Const FILE_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS = &H1000000
Const FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS = &H10000000
Const FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN = &H8000000
Const FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH = &H80000000
Function GetDateValue(fName As String) As String
'returns UTC (GMT) file time for specified file
Dim hFile As Long ' handle to the opened file
Dim ctime As FILETIME ' receives time of creation
Dim atime As FILETIME ' receives time of last access
Dim mtime As FILETIME ' receives time of last modification
Dim Thetime As SYSTEMTIME ' used to manipulate the time
Dim retval As Long ' return value
hFile = CreateFile(fName, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, _
ByVal CLng(0), OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE, 0)
retval = GetFileTime(hFile, ctime, atime, mtime)
'Choose which date to return: creation, modify or access date
'retval = FileTimeToSystemTime(ctime, Thetime) 'extract creation datetime
retval = FileTimeToSystemTime(mtime, Thetime) 'extract modified datetime
'retval = FileTimeToSystemTime(atime, Thetime) 'extract accessed datetime
retval = CloseHandle(hFile)
With Thetime
GetDateValue = .wYear & Format(.wMonth, "\-00") & _
Format(.wDay, "\-00") & " " & Format(.wHour, "00") & _
Format(.wMinute, "\:00") & Format(.wSecond, "\:00") & _
Format(.wSecond, "\.000")
End With
End Function
Sub test()
MsgBox GetDateValue("c:\logfile.txt")
'returns a string like "2018-03-31 16:13:52.052"
End Sub
我只是将这个代码粘贴在这里,它并不完美,但它可用并可以根据您的个人需求进行调整。请注意,您需要手动取消注释 datetime 的哪一行以返回该函数的时间。
在将此用于任何重要事项之前,请确保阅读相关资料,因为依赖于您的文件系统等因素会有限制。例如,NTFS通常会在您“认为”文件已经完成写入后结束写入...最长可能延迟1小时。
更多信息:
Date
类型只有1秒的分辨率,所以它将需要使用不同的数据类型。)你将如何使用它可能会影响答案。 - ashleedawg