Spring单元测试结果出现NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender'。

Question

我有一个REST控制器:

package com.company.rest;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/v1/orders")
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...

成为OrderService的实现：

package com.company.service.impl;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private MessageService messageService;
...

以及 MessageService 的实现：

package com.company.service.impl;

import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

@Service
public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {

    @Autowired
    public JavaMailSender emailSender;
...

这在开发环境下效果完美，但我有一个针对 OrderController 的单元测试（基于此教程）：

package com.company.test;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = AdminApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class OrderTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...

这导致：

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

为什么这个依赖在生产环境中能够被满足，但在测试中却不能？我需要怎么做才能让这个单元测试成功地注入（或模拟）一个JavaMailSender实现？

- y.luis.rojo

---

你能否发布pom文件的部分内容，其中提到了这个依赖项？ - Lalit Mehra

Answer 1

JavaMailSender bean未被创建，因为Spring测试运行程序无法获取所需的配置信息。例如，在application.properties中没有spring.mail.host。

其中一种解决方法是添加一个TestConfiguration用于JavaMailSender。

@TestConfiguration
public class TestConfigForMail {

  @Bean
  public JavaMailSender mailSender() {
    final JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new MockMailSender();
    return sender;
  }

  private class MockMailSender extends JavaMailSenderImpl {
    @Override
    public void send(final MimeMessagePreparator mimeMessagePreparator) throws MailException {
      final MimeMessage mimeMessage = createMimeMessage();
      try {
        mimeMessagePreparator.prepare(mimeMessage);
        final String content = (String) mimeMessage.getContent();
        final Properties javaMailProperties = getJavaMailProperties();
        javaMailProperties.setProperty("mailContent", content);
      } catch (final Exception e) {
        throw new MailPreparationException(e);
      }
    }
  }
}

注意：MockMailSender的代码来自Fahd Shariff。

然后将TestConfiguration导入您的测试用例中。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = AdminApplication.class)
@Import(TestConfigForMail.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class OrderTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...

- Beck Yang

---

只是补充一下，我还覆盖了 doSend 和 connectTransport 方法，以便使用虚假邮件服务器。 - y.luis.rojo