我按照FastAPI教程进行操作,但对于所提出的数据对象之间的确切关系还不太确定。
我们有一个models.py
文件:
from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from .database import Base
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = "users"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
email = Column(String, unique=True, index=True)
hashed_password = Column(String)
is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True)
items = relationship("Item", back_populates="owner")
class Item(Base):
__tablename__ = "items"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
title = Column(String, index=True)
description = Column(String, index=True)
owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id"))
owner = relationship("User", back_populates="items")
而且 schemas.py
文件:
from typing import List, Union
from pydantic import BaseModel
class ItemBase(BaseModel):
title: str
description: Union[str, None] = None
class ItemCreate(ItemBase):
pass
class Item(ItemBase):
id: int
owner_id: int
class Config:
orm_mode = True
class UserBase(BaseModel):
email: str
class UserCreate(UserBase):
password: str
class User(UserBase):
id: int
is_active: bool
items: List[Item] = []
class Config:
orm_mode = True
这些类然后用于定义数据库查询,就像在crud.py
文件中一样。
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from . import models, schemas
def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int):
return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.id == user_id).first()
def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str):
return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first()
def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
def create_user(db: Session, user: schemas.UserCreate):
fake_hashed_password = user.password + "notreallyhashed"
db_user = models.User(email=user.email, hashed_password=fake_hashed_password)
db.add(db_user)
db.commit()
db.refresh(db_user)
return db_user
def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int):
db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)
db.add(db_item)
db.commit()
db.refresh(db_item)
return db_item
在FastAPI代码的`main.py`中:
from typing import List
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from . import crud, models, schemas
from .database import SessionLocal, engine
models.Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
app = FastAPI()
# Dependency
def get_db():
db = SessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()
@app.post("/users/", response_model=schemas.User)
def create_user(user: schemas.UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, email=user.email)
if db_user:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Email already registered")
return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user)
@app.get("/users/", response_model=List[schemas.User])
def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
users = crud.get_users(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
return users
@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User)
def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id)
if db_user is None:
raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")
return db_user
@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item)
def create_item_for_user(
user_id: int, item: schemas.ItemCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)
):
return crud.create_user_item(db=db, item=item, user_id=user_id)
@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[schemas.Item])
def read_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
items = crud.get_items(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
return items
据我所了解:
- `models` 数据类定义了 SQL 表。
- `schemas` 数据类定义了 FastAPI 与数据库交互时使用的 API。
- 它们必须可以相互转换,以使设置正常工作。
我不明白的是:
- 在 `crud.create_user_item` 中,我期望返回类型为 `schemas.Item`,因为 FastAPI 再次使用了该返回类型。
- 根据我的理解,在 `main.py` 中 `@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item)` 的响应模型是错误的,或者我如何理解返回类型的不一致?
- 然而,从代码推断,实际的返回类型必须是 `models.Item`,FastAPI 如何处理这个问题?
- `crud.get_user` 的返回类型会是什么?