如何在Android中自定义一个适配器？

Question

我正在制作一个简单的Android应用程序，它可以获取用户的名称、电子邮件和联系电话，并将这些信息（包括ID）保存在手机存储器中（通过SQLite）。一个名为“全部显示”的页面使用自定义适配器在ListView中显示数据库中所有用户的详细信息。效果如下:

它在行之间留下了空白。我该如何删除这些空白? 此外，当从数据库检索数据时，详细信息会混乱。例如第一行以正确的格式（按照我的要求）显示，但第二行的详细信息被弄混了。我该怎么办才能纠正这个问题？ MyDBHandler.java

public class MyDBHandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME= "user.db";
    public static final String TABLE_NAME = "data";
    public static final String COLUMN_ID = "id";
    public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "name";
    public static final String COLUMN_email = "email";
    public static final String COLUMN_phno = "phno";

    public MyDBHandler(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, factory, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        String query = "CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+"("+
                COLUMN_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"+
                COLUMN_NAME + " VARCHAR(20),"+
                COLUMN_email + " VARCHAR(20),"+
                COLUMN_phno + " VARCHAR(20)"+
                ");";

        db.execSQL(query);

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {


        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
        onCreate(db);
    }

    public void addData(Data d){
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        //values.put(COLUMN_ID, d.getId());
        values.put(COLUMN_NAME, d.getName());
        values.put(COLUMN_email, d.getEmail());
        values.put(COLUMN_phno, d.getPhno());

        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
        db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);
        db.close();
    }

    public ArrayList<String> retrieveData(){

        ArrayList<String> al = new ArrayList<>();

        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
        String query = "SELECT * FROM "+TABLE_NAME+";";

        Cursor c = db.rawQuery(query,null);

        c.moveToFirst();

        while(!c.isAfterLast()){
            if(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("id"))!=null){

                al.add(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("id")));
                al.add(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name")));
                al.add(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("email")));
                al.add(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("phno")));

            }
            c.moveToNext();
        }
        db.close();
        return al;

    }

}

CustomAdapter.java

public class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String>{


    ArrayList<String>a = new ArrayList<>();


    public CustomAdapter(Context context,   ArrayList<String>a ){
        super(context,R.layout.custom_row,a);
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        LayoutInflater harshitsInflator = LayoutInflater.from(getContext());
        View customView = harshitsInflator.inflate(R.layout.custom_row, parent, false);

        TextView textView3 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView3);
        TextView textView4 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView4);
        TextView textView5 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView5);
        Button button4 = (Button) customView.findViewById(R.id.button4);

        String Sid = getItem(position);

        if(position%4==0 && position>0)
        {
            textView3.setText(a.get(1));
            textView4.setText(a.get(2));
            textView5.setText(a.get(3));
            button4.setText(a.get(0));
            a.clear();
            customView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
        else {
            a.add(Sid);
            customView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }
        return customView;
    }
}

listView.java

public class listView extends Activity {

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.list_view_layout);

        ArrayList<String> n;


        MyDBHandler db = new MyDBHandler(this, null, null, 1);

        n=db.retrieveData();

        ListAdapter harshitsAdapter = new CustomAdapter(this, n);

        ListView harshitsListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.harshitsListView);
        harshitsListView.setAdapter(harshitsAdapter);
        //((BaseAdapter)harshitsAdapter).notifyDataSetChanged();




    }

    public void backToMain(View view){

        Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        startActivity(i);
        finish();
    }
}

这个应用程序还显示ArrayIndexOutOfBounds异常：

Process: com.example.h8pathak.dilliheart, PID: 21258
    java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Invalid index 3, size is 3
            at java.util.ArrayList.throwIndexOutOfBoundsException(ArrayList.java:255)
            at java.util.ArrayList.get(ArrayList.java:308)

我该如何纠正这个问题？

- h8pathak

---

使用列表的长度来检查是否越界，这样就不会遇到此类异常。 - user3600801

尝试使用@StanlyMoses提到的Length，或者为什么不自己编写RecyclerViewAdapter呢？ - sud007

我不明白数组列表a的目的。如果这个列表也存储了你的数据，那么在getView()期间清除它是错误的。你不能修改正在用于显示视图的数据。 - Droidekas

为什么你不能使用CursorAdapter呢？ - Droidekas

Answer 1

修改你的这两个文件：

CustomAdapter.java

public class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String>{

    ArrayList<String> id, name, email, phno;
    Context c;


    public CustomAdapter(Context context,   ArrayList<String>id, ArrayList<String>name , ArrayList<String>email , ArrayList<String> phno ){
        super(context,R.layout.custom_row, id);

        this.c=context;
        this.id = id;
        this.name=name;
        this.email=email;
        this.phno=phno;

    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        LayoutInflater harshitsInflator = LayoutInflater.from(getContext());
        View customView = harshitsInflator.inflate(R.layout.custom_row, parent, false);

        TextView textView3 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView3);
        TextView textView4 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView4);
        TextView textView5 = (TextView) customView.findViewById(R.id.textView5);
        Button button4 = (Button) customView.findViewById(R.id.button4);


            String Sid = id.get(position);
            String Sname = name.get(position );
            String Semail = email.get(position );
            String Sphno = phno.get(position);

            textView3.setText(Sname);
            textView4.setText(Semail);
            textView5.setText(Sphno);
            button4.setText(Sid);

        return customView;
    }
}

listView.java

public class listView extends Activity {

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.list_view_layout);

        ArrayList<String> n;
        ArrayList<String> id  = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<String> name  = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<String> email  = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<String> phno  = new ArrayList<>();

        MyDBHandler db = new MyDBHandler(this, null, null, 1);

        n=db.retrieveData();

        for(int i =0; i<n.size();i++){
            if(i%4==0)
                id.add(n.get(i));
            else if (i%4==1)
                name.add(n.get(i));
            else if (i%4==2)
                email.add(n.get(i));
            else
                phno.add(n.get(i));
        }

        System.out.println(n);


        ListAdapter harshitsAdapter = new CustomAdapter(this, id, name, email, phno);

        ListView harshitsListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.harshitsListView);
        harshitsListView.setAdapter(harshitsAdapter);




    }

    public void backToMain(View view){

        Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        startActivity(i);
        finish();
    }





}

采用这种方法也不会导致“ArrayIndexOutOfBounds”异常

- TheHardRock

Answer 2

好的，将所有数据存储在您的模型类Data中，并将Data对象添加到ListView中。将您的数据库方法更改为像这样获取所有数据

public ArrayList<Data> retrieveData(){

        ArrayList<Data> al = new ArrayList<>();

        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
        String query = "SELECT * FROM "+TABLE_NAME+";";

        Cursor c = db.rawQuery(query,null);

        c.moveToFirst();

        while(!c.isAfterLast()){
            if(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("id"))!=null){

                Data dt = new Data();
                dt.setId(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("id")));
                dt.setName(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name")));
                dt.setEmail(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("email")));
                dt.setPhno(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("phno")));

                al.add(dt);

            }
            c.moveToNext();
        }
        db.close();
        return al;

    }

使用getter方法检索数据。希望对您有所帮助。

- H Raval

Answer 3

首先，你应该创建一个值对象来进行操作。例如：

public class UserVO {

    private long id;
    private String name,
                   email, 
                   contactNumber;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getContactNumber() {
        return contactNumber;
    }

    public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
        this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
    }

}

然后你可以像下面这样在你的类中使用它：

public class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<UserVO>{

    private UserVO mUser;
    private Context mContext;
    private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;
    private ViewHolder mHolder;

    public CustomAdapter(Context context, UserVO user){

        mContext = context;
        mUser = user;

    }

    static class ViewHolder {

        private TextView textView3,
                         textView4,
                         textView5;

    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) {

        if (view == null) {

            view = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_row, parent, false);

            mHolder = new ViewHolder();

            mHolder.textView3 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView3);
            mHolder.textView4 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView4);
            mHolder.textView5 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView5);

            view.setTag(mHolder);

        }
        else {

            mHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();

        }

        mUser = getItem(position);

        mHolder.textView3.setText(mUser.getId());
        mHolder.textView4.setText(mUser.getEmail());
        mHolder.textView5.setText(mUser.getContactNumber());

        return view;
    }

}

在你的MyDBHandler中，你不需要将游标移动到第一个位置。那可能是你所说的异常错误。此外，你也可以返回用户列表，例如：

public ArrayList<UserVO> retrieveData(){

    ArrayList<UserVO> userList = new ArrayList<>();

    SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();
    String query = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_NAME + ";";

    Cursor c = db.rawQuery(query, null);

    while(c.moveToNext()) {

        if(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("id")) != null) {

            UserVO _user = new UserVO();

            _user.setId(c.getLong(c.getColumnIndex("id")));
            _user.setName(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name")));
            _user.setEmail(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("email")));
            _user.setContactNumber(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("phno")));

            userList.add(_user);

        } 

    }

    db.close();

    return userList;

}

最后，您可以加载您的ListView：

public class listView extends Activity {

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.list_view_layout);

        ArrayList<UserVO> userList;


        MyDBHandler db = new MyDBHandler(this, null, null, 1);

        userList = db.retrieveData();

        ListAdapter harshitsAdapter = new CustomAdapter(this, userList);

        ListView harshitsListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.harshitsListView);

        harshitsListView.setAdapter(harshitsAdapter);

    }

    public void backToMain(View view){

        Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        startActivity(i);
        finish();
    }

}

这些类只是示例。你需要编辑一些内容才能使其正常工作，当然了。无论如何，随时可以问任何问题。

- Lennon Spirlandelli