使用Python标准库查找本地IP地址

对 ninjagecko 答案的改进版本。此方法适用于允许 UDP 广播且不需要访问局域网或互联网上的地址的任何 LAN。

import socket
def getNetworkIp():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
    s.connect(('<broadcast>', 0))
    return s.getsockname()[0]

print (getNetworkIp())

我在我的Ubuntu机器上使用这个：

import commands
commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig").split("\n")[1].split()[1][5:]

这不起作用。

我相信这个版本还没有发布过。 我在Ubuntu 12.04上使用Python 2.7进行了测试。

在此发现解决方案：http://code.activestate.com/recipes/439094-get-the-ip-address-associated-with-a-network-inter/

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
        s.fileno(),
        0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
        struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
    )[20:24])

示例结果：

>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'

在 Debian（已测试）以及我怀疑的大多数 Linux 系统上...

import commands

RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")

在 MS Windows 上（已测试）

import socket

socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

对于Linux系统，您只需像这样使用hostname -I系统命令的check_output：

from subprocess import check_output
check_output(['hostname', '-I'])

这是UnkwnTech回答的一个变体 -- 它提供了一个get_local_addr()函数，该函数返回主机的主要局域网IP地址。我发表这篇文章是因为它添加了许多内容：IPv6支持、错误处理、忽略本地主机/链路本地地址，并使用测试网络地址（RFC5737）进行连接。

# imports
import errno
import socket
import logging

# localhost prefixes
_local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")

# ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local
_ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:")

def detect_family(addr):
    if "." in addr:
        assert ":" not in addr
        return socket.AF_INET
    elif ":" in addr:
        return socket.AF_INET6
    else:
        raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr)

def expand_addr(addr):
    """convert address into canonical expanded form --
    no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups.
    """
    family = detect_family(addr)
    addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr))
    if "::" in addr:
        count = 8-addr.count(":")
        addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":")
        if addr.startswith(":"):
            addr = "0" + addr
    return addr

def _get_local_addr(family, remote):
    try:
        s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        try:
            s.connect((remote, 9))
            return s.getsockname()[0]
        finally:
            s.close()
    except socket.error:
        # log.info("trapped error connecting to %r via %r", remote, family, exc_info=True)
        return None

def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True):
    """get LAN address of host

    :param remote:
        return  LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address.
        by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet.

    :param ipv6:
        by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first.
        if set to False, only checks ipv4.

    :returns:
        primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined.
    """
    if remote:
        family = detect_family(remote)
        local = _get_local_addr(family, remote)
        if not local:
            return None
        if family == socket.AF_INET6:
            # expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
            local = expand_addr(local)
        if local.startswith(_local_networks):
            # border case where remote addr belongs to host
            return local
    else:
        # NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses,
        #       which should never exist in the real world.
        if ipv6:
            local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234")
            # expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
            if local:
                local = expand_addr(local)
        else:
            local = None
        if not local:
            local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123")
            if not local:
                return None
    if local.startswith(_ignored_networks):
        return None
    return local

我可以告诉您，这个方法是可行的：

import socket
addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

适用于OS X（10.6、10.5）、Windows XP以及经过良好管理的RHEL部门服务器。但是，在我刚刚进行了一些内核修改的极简CentOS虚拟机上无法使用。因此，在这种情况下，您只需检查127.0.0.1地址，并执行以下操作：

if addr == "127.0.0.1":
     import commands
     output = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig")
     addr = parseaddress(output)

然后从输出中解析出IP地址。需要注意的是，ifconfig默认情况下不在普通用户的PATH路径中，这就是我在命令中给出完整路径的原因。希望这能帮助到您。

通过命令行工具产生“干净”的输出的一种简单方法：

import commands
ips = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig | grep -i \"inet\" | grep -iv \"inet6\" | " +
                         "awk {'print $2'} | sed -ne 's/addr\:/ /p'")
print ips

这里有一个适用于Linux的解决方案：获取与网络接口相关联的IP地址。

import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]