使用Capistrano部署Rails 5.1/Webpacker应用程序

Question

我可以翻译以下内容：

我有一个Ubuntu服务器来部署我的Rails项目。在我的Ubuntu服务器上，我安装了RVM。

现在我想要使用Rails 5.1和Webpacker来部署新项目。为了部署这些项目，我在我的Ubuntu服务器上安装了NVM、npm和yarn。

在我的Rails 5.1/Webpacker项目中，我有以下用于capistrano部署的gems：

Gemfile

group :development do
  gem 'capistrano-rails'
  gem 'capistrano-rvm'
  gem 'capistrano-passenger'
  gem 'capistrano-nvm', require: false
  gem 'capistrano-yarn'
end

在deploy.rb文件中，我添加了一些capistrano nvm和capistrano yarn的配置。

deploy.rb

set :nvm_type, :user # or :system, depends on your nvm setup
set :nvm_node, 'v7.10.0'
set :nvm_map_bins, %w{node npm yarn}

set :yarn_target_path, -> { release_path.join('client') } #
set :yarn_flags, '--production --silent --no-progress'    # default
set :yarn_roles, :all                                     # default
set :yarn_env_variables, {}

同时，我已将 node_modules 添加到 linked_dirs 中。

deploy.rb

set :linked_dirs, %w{log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets vendor/bundle public/system node_modules client/node_modules}

当我执行 cap deploy 中的 assets:precompile 步骤时，问题就出现了。接下来是错误日志。

终端日志

00:10 deploy:assets:precompile
  01 /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile
  01 Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
  01 Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
  01 /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
  01 Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
(Backtrace restricted to imported tasks)
cap aborted!
SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written

SSHKit::Command::Failed: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written

Tasks: TOP => deploy:assets:precompile
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
The deploy has failed with an error: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written



** DEPLOY FAILED
** Refer to log/capistrano.log for details. Here are the last 20 lines:


 DEBUG [016276ab]    * spring (2.0.1)

 DEBUG [016276ab]    * spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)

 DEBUG [016276ab]    * web-console (3.5.0)

 DEBUG [016276ab]   Install missing gems with `bundle install`

 DEBUG [016276ab] Finished in 0.677 seconds with exit status 1 (failed).

  INFO [86e74b01] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [86e74b01] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet )

 DEBUG [86e74b01]   Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.1', you are using older version '1.26.11'.

You can disable this warning with:    echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc

You can enable  auto-update  with:    echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc

  INFO [86e74b01] Finished in 3.209 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).

 DEBUG [4a428031] Running if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [4a428031] Command: if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi

 DEBUG [4a428031] Finished in 0.066 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).

  INFO [d225a8b5] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [d225a8b5] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" RAILS_ENV="production" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile )

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   Yarn executable was not detected in the system.

Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/

提前致谢！

- Adrià Carro

Answer 1

我更喜欢在本地编译资产，然后使用rsync将它们复制到生产服务器上：

# lib/capistrano/tasks/precompile.rake
namespace :assets do
  desc 'Precompile assets locally and then rsync to web servers'
  task :precompile do
    run_locally do
      with rails_env: stage_of_env do
        execute :bundle, 'exec rake assets:precompile'
      end
    end

    on roles(:web), in: :parallel do |server|
      run_locally do
        execute :rsync,
          "-a --delete ./public/packs/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/packs/"
        execute :rsync,
          "-a --delete ./public/assets/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/assets/"
      end
    end

    run_locally do
      execute :rm, '-rf public/assets'
      execute :rm, '-rf public/packs'
    end
  end
end

# config/deploy.rb
after 'deploy:updated', 'assets:precompile'

在你的 Capfile 文件中，你需要包含所有的 Capistrano 任务：

# Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined
Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/**/*.rake').each { |r| import r }

这可以避免在生产服务器上安装 node 和 yarn 的需要。

当然，本地需要安装 node 和 yarn。

- Hirurg103

---

你好，能告诉我如何使用这段代码吗？我是 Capistrano 的新手，不知道该把它放在哪里。谢谢。 - Hoang Do

@HoangDo 我更新了答案，告诉你在哪里放置代码文件名。 - Hirurg103

非常感谢你！ - Hoang Do

不是所有的英雄都戴着斗篷。 - empanacho

Answer 2

我的解决方法是确保将NVM包含在PATH环境变量中。在默认情况下，在bash终端中，NVM会将其环境变量添加到~/.bashrc的末尾，但在非交互式终端（Capistrano运行的终端）中，该文件的大部分通常不会被执行。我发现这篇评论很有帮助：

“将NVM源脚本放在你的.bashrc中，即使在一个非交互式SSH会话中仍然会被评估。只需要确保你将声明放在选项语句之前的顶部。”

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"  # This loads nvm bash_completion

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

- Alexander

---

非常有帮助，谢谢。尽管如上所述，将资产本地编译可能是一种好的技术，但这个答案对于解决在远程服务器上使用nvm进行capistrano部署设置的问题是一个很好的提示。 - R4ttlesnake

Answer 3

错误提示了问题所在。服务器上找不到Yarn或Node。可能是您的安装有误。

请按照以下说明安装两者：

https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/#debian-and-ubuntu-based-linux-distributions

这里：

https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/#linux-tab

然后确保你能够打电话：

yarn
node

在服务器上。如果没有，您可能需要将可执行文件的路径添加到PATH变量中。

- TomD

---

我也遇到了同样的问题...但是解决方案对我没有起作用 :( - Abhishek Aravindan

Answer 4

第一步 - 安装 Yarn

curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install yarn

第二步 - 安装 NodeJS (目前的最新版本为 14)：

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

- shilovk