如何测试二维坐标系中线段是否与轴对齐的矩形相交?该线段由其两个端点p1和p2定义。该矩形由左上角和右下角点定义。
我写了一个相当简单且有效的解决方案:
bool SegmentIntersectRectangle(double a_rectangleMinX,
double a_rectangleMinY,
double a_rectangleMaxX,
double a_rectangleMaxY,
double a_p1x,
double a_p1y,
double a_p2x,
double a_p2y)
{
// Find min and max X for the segment
double minX = a_p1x;
double maxX = a_p2x;
if(a_p1x > a_p2x)
{
minX = a_p2x;
maxX = a_p1x;
}
// Find the intersection of the segment's and rectangle's x-projections
if(maxX > a_rectangleMaxX)
{
maxX = a_rectangleMaxX;
}
if(minX < a_rectangleMinX)
{
minX = a_rectangleMinX;
}
if(minX > maxX) // If their projections do not intersect return false
{
return false;
}
// Find corresponding min and max Y for min and max X we found before
double minY = a_p1y;
double maxY = a_p2y;
double dx = a_p2x - a_p1x;
if(Math::Abs(dx) > 0.0000001)
{
double a = (a_p2y - a_p1y) / dx;
double b = a_p1y - a * a_p1x;
minY = a * minX + b;
maxY = a * maxX + b;
}
if(minY > maxY)
{
double tmp = maxY;
maxY = minY;
minY = tmp;
}
// Find the intersection of the segment's and rectangle's y-projections
if(maxY > a_rectangleMaxY)
{
maxY = a_rectangleMaxY;
}
if(minY < a_rectangleMinY)
{
minY = a_rectangleMinY;
}
if(minY > maxY) // If Y-projections do not intersect return false
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
abs(dx)> 0.0000001
而不是零吗? - urraka如果您的矩形是对齐的,Liang-Barsky可能是一个不错的解决方案。如果速度很重要,它比Cohen-Sutherland更快。
您可以将该线段创建成一个矩形,并测试另一个矩形是否与之相碰撞,因为这只是一系列的比较操作。从pygame源代码中可以看到:
def _rect_collide(a, b):
return a.x + a.w > b.x and b.x + b.w > a.x and \
a.y + a.h > b.y and b.y + b.h > a.y
java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D.intersectsLine(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
为了方便,这里是被转换成静态方法后的方法:
/**
* Code copied from {@link java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D#intersectsLine(double, double, double, double)}
*/
public class RectangleLineIntersectTest {
private static final int OUT_LEFT = 1;
private static final int OUT_TOP = 2;
private static final int OUT_RIGHT = 4;
private static final int OUT_BOTTOM = 8;
private static int outcode(double pX, double pY, double rectX, double rectY, double rectWidth, double rectHeight) {
int out = 0;
if (rectWidth <= 0) {
out |= OUT_LEFT | OUT_RIGHT;
} else if (pX < rectX) {
out |= OUT_LEFT;
} else if (pX > rectX + rectWidth) {
out |= OUT_RIGHT;
}
if (rectHeight <= 0) {
out |= OUT_TOP | OUT_BOTTOM;
} else if (pY < rectY) {
out |= OUT_TOP;
} else if (pY > rectY + rectHeight) {
out |= OUT_BOTTOM;
}
return out;
}
public static boolean intersectsLine(double lineX1, double lineY1, double lineX2, double lineY2, double rectX, double rectY, double rectWidth, double rectHeight) {
int out1, out2;
if ((out2 = outcode(lineX2, lineY2, rectX, rectY, rectWidth, rectHeight)) == 0) {
return true;
}
while ((out1 = outcode(lineX1, lineY1, rectX, rectY, rectWidth, rectHeight)) != 0) {
if ((out1 & out2) != 0) {
return false;
}
if ((out1 & (OUT_LEFT | OUT_RIGHT)) != 0) {
double x = rectX;
if ((out1 & OUT_RIGHT) != 0) {
x += rectWidth;
}
lineY1 = lineY1 + (x - lineX1) * (lineY2 - lineY1) / (lineX2 - lineX1);
lineX1 = x;
} else {
double y = rectY;
if ((out1 & OUT_BOTTOM) != 0) {
y += rectHeight;
}
lineX1 = lineX1 + (y - lineY1) * (lineX2 - lineX1) / (lineY2 - lineY1);
lineY1 = y;
}
}
return true;
}
}
var isRectangleIntersectedByLine = function (
a_rectangleMinX,
a_rectangleMinY,
a_rectangleMaxX,
a_rectangleMaxY,
a_p1x,
a_p1y,
a_p2x,
a_p2y) {
// Find min and max X for the segment
var minX = a_p1x
var maxX = a_p2x
if (a_p1x > a_p2x) {
minX = a_p2x
maxX = a_p1x
}
// Find the intersection of the segment's and rectangle's x-projections
if (maxX > a_rectangleMaxX)
maxX = a_rectangleMaxX
if (minX < a_rectangleMinX)
minX = a_rectangleMinX
// If their projections do not intersect return false
if (minX > maxX)
return false
// Find corresponding min and max Y for min and max X we found before
var minY = a_p1y
var maxY = a_p2y
var dx = a_p2x - a_p1x
if (Math.abs(dx) > 0.0000001) {
var a = (a_p2y - a_p1y) / dx
var b = a_p1y - a * a_p1x
minY = a * minX + b
maxY = a * maxX + b
}
if (minY > maxY) {
var tmp = maxY
maxY = minY
minY = tmp
}
// Find the intersection of the segment's and rectangle's y-projections
if(maxY > a_rectangleMaxY)
maxY = a_rectangleMaxY
if (minY < a_rectangleMinY)
minY = a_rectangleMinY
// If Y-projections do not intersect return false
if(minY > maxY)
return false
return true
}
我做了一个简单的餐巾纸解决方案...
接下来找到m和c,从而得出方程y = mx + c
y = (Point2.Y - Point1.Y) / (Point2.X - Point1.X)
用P1坐标替换以找到c
对于矩形顶点,将X值放入直线方程中,得到Y值,并查看Y值是否位于下面所示的矩形边界内
(您可以找到矩形的常数值X1、X2、Y1、Y2)
X1 <= x <= X2 &
Y1 <= y <= Y2
i.e. box 1 is bounded by x1,y1 to x2,y2
box 2 is bounded by a1,b1 to a2,b2
the width and height of box 2 is:
w2 = a2 - a1 (half of that is w2/2)
h2 = b2 - b1 (half of that is h2/2)
the midpoints of box 2 are:
am = a1 + w2/2
bm = b1 + h2/2
So now you just check if
(x1 - w2/2) < am < (x2 + w2/2) and (y1 - h2/2) < bm < (y2 + h2/2)
then the two overlap somewhere.
If you want to check also for edges intersecting to count as 'overlap' then
change the < to <=
当然,你也可以反过来比较(检查box1的中点是否在box2的外部尺寸的1/2长度内)
甚至更简化-将中点移动半个长度,它就与该框的原点相同。这意味着您现在可以仅检查该点是否落在您的边界范围内,并通过将平面向上和向左移动,使下角现在成为第一个框的下角。计算量大大减少:
(x1 - w2) < a1 < x2
&&
(y1 - h2) < b1 < y2
[overlap exists]
或者不被替换的:
( (x1-(a2-a1)) < a1 < x2 ) && ( (y1-(b2-b1)) < b1 < y2 ) [overlap exists]
( (x1-(a2-a1)) <= a1 <= x2 ) && ( (y1-(b2-b1)) <= b1 <= y2 ) [overlap or intersect exists]
PHP编程示例(我使用了一个对象模型,其中包含了getLeft()、getRight()、getTop()、getBottom()等方法来获取多边形的外部坐标,还有getWidth()和getHeight()方法——根据输入的参数,它会计算并缓存未知数,例如我可以用x1、y1和...w、h或者x2、y2创建一个多边形,然后它就可以计算出其他值)
我使用“n”来表示正在检查重叠的“新”项($nItem是我的多边形对象的实例),要测试的项(这是一个bin/sort背包程序)在一个数组中,该数组由更多相同的多边形对象实例组成。
public function checkForOverlaps(BinPack_Polygon $nItem) {
// grab some local variables for the stuff re-used over and over in loop
$nX = $nItem->getLeft();
$nY = $nItem->getTop();
$nW = $nItem->getWidth();
$nH = $nItem->getHeight();
// loop through the stored polygons checking for overlaps
foreach($this->packed as $_i => $pI) {
if(((($pI->getLeft() - $nW) < $nX) && ($nX < $pI->getRight())) &&
((($pI->getTop() - $nH) < $nY) && ($nY < $pI->getBottom()))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}