经理不可用；“auth.User”已被替换为“members.CustomUser”。

Question

我在注册时遇到了问题，出现了错误Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'members.CustomUser'，我尝试了解决方案，类似于Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'members.CustomUser'这样的其他问题。但是，所有这些问题都要求替换User = User = get_user_model()，但我在我的代码中没有使用任何User，或者我不知道在哪里使用了它。我是Django、Python、JS等新手，所以如果我的问题很愚蠢，请原谅我。

更多信息：1）我使用Django Signup Tutorial来创建注册方法。起初它运行良好，但在扩展作业项目后，我遇到了错误。2）在其他应用程序中（“products”和“search”），我没有导入用户(User)，甚至也没有使用CustomUser，因为在这些应用程序中不需要使用User,只有与User和CustomUser工作。

model.py:

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser



class CustomUser(AbstractUser):

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "member"
        verbose_name_plural = "members"

setting.py:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'card.apps.CardConfig',
    'members.apps.MembersConfig',
    'search.apps.SearchConfig',
    'products.apps.ProductsConfig',
    'rest_framework',
]

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'members.CustomUser'

admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin

from .forms import CustomUserCreationForm, CustomUserChangeForm
from .models import CustomUser



class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    add_form = CustomUserCreationForm
    form = CustomUserChangeForm
    model = CustomUser
    list_display = ['email', 'username']


admin.site.register(CustomUser, CustomUserAdmin)

form.py:

# users/forms.py
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm
from .models import CustomUser


class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):
    class Meta(UserCreationForm):
        model = CustomUser
        fields = ('username', 'email')


class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta:
        model = CustomUser
        fields = ('username', 'email')

错误：

27/Feb/2019 12:36:01] "GET /signup/ HTTP/1.1" 200 5293
Internal Server Error: /signup/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 124, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 68, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 88, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py", line 172, in post
    return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py", line 141, in post
    if form.is_valid():
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 185, in is_valid
    return self.is_bound and not self.errors
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 180, in errors
    self.full_clean()
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 383, in full_clean
    self._post_clean()
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\forms.py", line 107, in _post_clean
    super()._post_clean()
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 403, in _post_clean
    self.instance.full_clean(exclude=exclude, validate_unique=False)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 1137, in full_clean
    self.clean()
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 338, in clean
    self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)
  File "C:\shopping\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 188, in __get__
    cls._meta.swapped,
AttributeError: Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'members.CustomUser'
[27/Feb/2019 12:36:04] "POST /signup/ HTTP/1.1" 500 113770

- mehdi

---

“members” 是你的应用程序名称吗？ - Sanip

class MembersConfig(AppConfig): name = 'members'``` - mehdi

你在 members/__init__.py 中设置了 default_app_config 吗？ - Sanip

不，我从未在我的生活中编辑过__init__.py文件。我检查过它是空的。 - mehdi

Answer 1

修改views.py文件

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.views import generic


class SignUp(generic.CreateView):
    form_class = UserCreationForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('login')
    template_name = 'signup.html'

to

from .forms import CustomUserCreationForm
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.views import generic


class SignUp(generic.CreateView):
    form_class = CustomUserCreationForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('login')
    template_name = 'signup.html'

- Rexcirus

Answer 2

在您的forms.py文件中进行如下更改：

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()
        fields = ('username', 'email')

class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):
    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()
        fields = ('username', 'email')

同时在您的members/init.py文件中添加以下脚本：

    default_app_config = 'members.apps.MembersConfig'

- Sanip

---

获取错误：名称“UserChangeForm”未定义。然后我从django.contrib.auth.forms导入UserCreationForm，UserChangeForm，但旧问题仍然存在。 - mehdi

你能否在admin.py文件中添加这些表单并移除admin.py文件中这些表单的导入吗？ - Sanip

我按照你的要求更改了form.py和members/init.py文件，但错误仍然存在。关于“您能否将这些表单添加到admin.py文件中并删除admin.py文件中对这些表单的导入”的问题，我不理解您的意思。您能否请提供代码？ - mehdi

这是我的GitHub作业。我认为这是找到问题的简单方法。GitHub项目。谢谢。 - mehdi

我会看一下。 - Sanip

有解决办法吗？我也遇到了同样的问题。我也是按照你提供的教程进行操作的。 - Vincent