EXE或DLL的镜像基址是什么意思?

16

在C++/Windows中有没有一种方法可以获取exe/DLL的映像基址?谢谢 :)


除了其他答案之外,您还可以使用EnumProcessModulesEx和GetModuleInformation来查找其他进程的信息。 - Ironside
7个回答

19
如果你将二进制文件加载到自己的进程中,你可以使用GetModuleHandle。它返回一个HMODULE,但是那就是与HINSTANCE和基地址相同
如果你想知道二进制文件首选的基地址,你应该读取PE头。请参见这里并查找IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER中的ImageBase字段。
编辑:GetModuleHandle(NULL)将返回当前进程的基地址(尽管指定的类型是HMODULE)。

7
如果你正在检查磁盘上的DLL或EXE文件,则可以使用dumpbin实用程序。它与Visual Studio或SDK一起安装。 dumpbin /headers的示例输出:
FILE HEADER VALUES
     14C machine (i386)
       6 number of sections
306F7A22 time date stamp Sun Oct 01 22:35:30 1995
       0 file pointer to symbol table
     1D1 number of symbols
      E0 size of optional header
     302 characteristics
            Executable
            32 bit word machine
            Debug information stripped

OPTIONAL HEADER VALUES
     10B magic #
    2.60 linker version
    1E00 size of code
    1E00 size of initialized data
       0 size of uninitialized data
    1144 address of entry point
    1000 base of code
    3000 base of data
         ----- new -----
 **2BB0000 image base**  <--- This is what you are looking for
    1000 section alignment
     200 file alignment
       3 subsystem (Windows CUI)
    4.00 operating system version
    4.00 image version
    3.50 subsystem version
    8000 size of image
     400 size of headers
    62C8 checksum
  100000 size of stack reserve
    1000 size of stack commit
  100000 size of heap reserve
    1000 size of heap commit
       0 [       0] address [size] of Export Directory
    5000 [      3C] address [size] of Import Directory
    6000 [     394] address [size] of Resource Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Exception Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Security Directory
    7000 [     21C] address [size] of Base Relocation Directory
    3030 [      38] address [size] of Debug Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Description Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Special Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Thread Storage Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Load Configuration Directory
     268 [      44] address [size] of Bound Import Directory
    50A0 [      64] address [size] of Import Address Table Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Reserved Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Reserved Directory
       0 [       0] address [size] of Reserved Directory

SECTION HEADER #1
   .text name
    1D24 virtual size
    1000 virtual address
    1E00 size of raw data
     400 file pointer to raw data
       0 file pointer to relocation table
    3C20 file pointer to line numbers
       0 number of relocations
     37E number of line numbers
60000020 flags
         Code
         (no align specified)
         Execute Read

7

我发现获取模块基址(以及内存映像大小)最方便和准确的方法是通过GetModuleInformation函数(包括psapi.h头文件,链接到psapi.lib库):

MODULEINFO module_info; memset(&module_info, 0, sizeof(module_info));
if (GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), hModule, &module_info, sizeof(module_info))) {
    DWORD module_size = module_info.SizeOfImage;
    BYTE * module_ptr = (BYTE*)module_info.lpBaseOfDll;
    // ...
}

5
如果你想从DLL/EXE内部获取自己的ImageBase地址,那么可以这样做:
#include <winnt.h>

EXTERN_C IMAGE_DOS_HEADER __ImageBase;

在调试器中,可以在&__ImageBase上添加监视。 - Kirk Bates

2

如果您想枚举所有进程的模块,您也可以使用CreateToolhelp32Snapshot

#include <windows.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h> 

std::vector<std::pair<std::string, uint32_t> > base_addresses;
// take a snapshot of all modules in the specified process
HANDLE snaphot_handle = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPMODULE, 0);
if (snaphot_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
    // first module
    MODULEENTRY32 mod_entry;
    mod_entry.dwSize = sizeof(mod_entry);
    if (Module32First(snaphot_handle, &mod_entry))
    {
        // iterate through the module list of the process
        do
        {
            base_addresses.push_back(
                    std::make_pair(mod_entry.szModule,
                                   static_cast<uint32_t>(mod_entry.modBaseAddr));
        } while (Module32Next(snaphot_handle, &mod_entry));
    }

    CloseHandle(snaphot_handle);
}

0
以下是在CPP中查找图像基地址的代码:
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>

int main()
{
    LPCSTR fileName="inputFile.exe";
    HANDLE hFile;
    HANDLE hFileMapping;
    LPVOID lpFileBase;
    PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dosHeader;
    PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS peHeader;
    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER sectionHeader;

    hFile = CreateFileA(fileName,GENERIC_READ,FILE_SHARE_READ,NULL,OPEN_EXISTING,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,0);

    if(hFile==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        std::cout<<"\n CreateFile failed \n";
        return 1;
    }

    hFileMapping = CreateFileMapping(hFile,NULL,PAGE_READONLY,0,0,NULL);

    if(hFileMapping==0)
    {
        std::cout<<"\n CreateFileMapping failed \n";
        CloseHandle(hFile);
        return 1;
    }

    lpFileBase = MapViewOfFile(hFileMapping,FILE_MAP_READ,0,0,0);

    if(lpFileBase==0)
    {
        std::cout<<"\n MapViewOfFile failed \n";
        CloseHandle(hFileMapping);
        CloseHandle(hFile);
        return 1;
    }

    dosHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER) lpFileBase;
    if(dosHeader->e_magic==IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)
    {
        std::cout<<"\n DOS Signature (MZ) Matched \n";

        peHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS) ((u_char*)dosHeader+dosHeader->e_lfanew);
        if(peHeader->Signature==IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE)
        {
            std::cout<<"\n PE Signature (PE) Matched \n";
            //once found valid exe or dll
            std::cout<<"\n Image Base : "<<std::hex<<peHeader->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
        }
        else
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

0
有点巧妙,但这也可以运行:

enter image description here https://ntopcode.wordpress.com/2018/02/26/anatomy-of-the-process-environment-block-peb-windows-internals/

确保包含windows.h,它会包含winnt.h中的NtCurrentTeb定义,以及winnt.h所需的宏和typedefs,并确保包含winternl.h以获取struct _TEB类型定义。
当我在VMMap中打开它时: enter image description here (由于ASLR,此次地址不同)
对于.dll文件,还没有人提到这种方法:http://sandsprite.com/CodeStuff/Understanding_the_Peb_Loader_Data_List.html 查看kd中的结构并获取适合您系统的正确偏移量,尽管在不同的Windows版本中很少更改。

这只是GetModuleHandle的实现方式。它调用BasepGetModuleHandleExW,而该功能是在RtlPcToFileHeader中实现的。如果参数为NULL,则它返回return ((HMODULE)NtCurrentPeb()->ImageBaseAddress);,否则它将使用PEB中其下方的Ldr成员解析地址空间中加载的dll列表,如sandsprite链接所示。

enter image description here

如您所见,图像基地址也是初始化顺序链接列表中的第一个模块。

模块句柄只是将地址转换为HMODULE,它只是一个HINSTANCE,它是一个HANDLE,它是一个PVOID,它是一个指向void的void* 64位指针。无论如何转换,都会对汇编输出产生相同的影响——它仅有助于代码级别的概念清晰度和编译器警告,并使句柄的实现对程序员透明;他们只需要将句柄传递给API函数,而不必担心它是否是索引,指向由struct _EPROCESS指向的句柄表的条目,一个64位原始地址或伪句柄。

您可以通过使用Process Explorer获取进程ID,然后执行以下操作(即如果它是pid 16416,则与上一个示例不同)在kd中查看此内容:

lkd> ? 0n16416                    //convert denary to hex (output not shown in this example)
lkd> !process 0x4020              //display eprocess for pid (or you can use !process 0n16416 without having to convert to hex) (output not shown in this example)
lkd> .process /P 0xfffffa802edb1a80  //supply eprocess address acquired from the output of the !process command the current; sets current context to the context of that process (output not shown in this example)
lkd> !peb                         //display the PEB of for the current process context                                                                                
PEB at 000007fffffd3000                                                                                                      
    InheritedAddressSpace:    No                                                                                             
    ReadImageFileExecOptions: No                                                                                             
    BeingDebugged:            No                                                                                             
    ImageBaseAddress:         00000000ff0c0000                                                                               
    Ldr                       000000007794d640                                                                               
    Ldr.Initialized:          Yes                                                                                            
    Ldr.InInitializationOrderModuleList: 0000000000343cd0 . 00000000003b3950                                                 
    Ldr.InLoadOrderModuleList:           0000000000343bc0 . 00000000003b3930                                                 
    Ldr.InMemoryOrderModuleList:         0000000000343bd0 . 00000000003b3940                                                 
            Base TimeStamp                     Module                                                                        
        ff0c0000 559ea8be Jul 09 18:00:46 2015 C:\Windows\system32\NOTEPAD.EXE                                               
        77820000 595fa942 Jul 07 16:31:14 2017 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll                                                 
        77700000 595fa987 Jul 07 16:32:23 2017 C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll                                              
     7fefd700000 595fa988 Jul 07 16:32:24 2017 C:\Windows\system32\KERNELBASE.dll                                            
     7fefed00000 595fa8e2 Jul 07 16:29:38 2017 C:\Windows\system32\ADVAPI32.dll                                              
     7feffa90000 4eeb033f Dec 16 08:37:19 2011 C:\Windows\system32\msvcrt.dll                                                
     7feff780000 55636728 May 25 19:17:12 2015 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\sechost.dll                                               
     7fefd9a0000 595fa8ec Jul 07 16:29:48 2017 C:\Windows\system32\RPCRT4.dll                                                
     7feff100000 5915fd6c May 12 19:22:36 2017 C:\Windows\system32\GDI32.dll                                                 
        77600000 5824a140 Nov 10 16:33:04 2016 C:\Windows\system32\USER32.dll                                                
     7fefee10000 5915fd82 May 12 19:22:58 2017 C:\Windows\system32\LPK.dll                                                   
     7fefdad0000 5915fd8f May 12 19:23:11 2017 C:\Windows\system32\USP10.dll                                                 
     7fefde20000 4ce7c635 Nov 20 12:59:33 2010 C:\Windows\system32\COMDLG32.dll                                              
     7fefee20000 4ce7c9ab Nov 20 13:14:19 2010 C:\Windows\system32\SHLWAPI.dll                                               
     7fefcff0000 553a8775 Apr 24 19:12:05 2015 C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0
     7fefdec0000 591331f3 May 10 16:29:55 2017 C:\Windows\system32\SHELL32.dll                                               
     7fefa1d0000 4ce7ca38 Nov 20 13:16:40 2010 C:\Windows\system32\WINSPOOL.DRV                                              
     7fefdba0000 58f4e14a Apr 17 16:37:46 2017 C:\Windows\system32\ole32.dll                                                 
     7feff190000 58f4e14e Apr 17 16:37:50 2017 C:\Windows\system32\OLEAUT32.dll                                              
     7fefd500000 4a5be082 Jul 14 02:33:54 2009 C:\Windows\system32\VERSION.dll                                               
     7fefede0000 4a5bdf40 Jul 14 02:28:32 2009 C:\Windows\system32\IMM32.DLL                                                 
     7feff980000 57fd0632 Oct 11 16:33:06 2016 C:\Windows\system32\MSCTF.dll                                                 
     7fefd510000 5b046e43 May 22 20:23:47 2018 C:\Windows\system32\nvinitx.dll                                               
        75190000 57f433c5 Oct 04 23:57:09 2016 C:\Program Files\NVIDIA Corporation\CoProcManager\detoured.dll                
     7fefa4e0000 5b047092 May 22 20:33:38 2018 C:\Program Files\NVIDIA Corporation\CoProcManager\nvd3d9wrapx.dll             
     7feff7a0000 4ce7c9a2 Nov 20 13:14:10 2010 C:\Windows\system32\SETUPAPI.dll                                              
     7fefd8e0000 4ce7c55c Nov 20 12:55:56 2010 C:\Windows\system32\CFGMGR32.dll                                              
     7fefd6e0000 4a5bdee1 Jul 14 02:26:57 2009 C:\Windows\system32\DEVOBJ.dll                                                
     7fefa4b0000 5b04708d May 22 20:33:33 2018 C:\Program Files\NVIDIA Corporation\CoProcManager\nvdxgiwrapx.dll             
     7fefd2b0000 5a147c83 Nov 21 19:20:35 2017 C:\Windows\system32\guard64.dll                                               
     7fefd290000 5879cba2 Jan 14 06:56:34 2017 C:\Windows\system32\api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-0.DLL                          
     7fefcf80000 4a5bdeff Jul 14 02:27:27 2009 C:\Windows\system32\fltlib.dll                                                
     7fefd430000 595fa9c6 Jul 07 16:33:26 2017 C:\Windows\system32\CRYPTBASE.dll                                             
     7fefb4c0000 4a5be093 Jul 14 02:34:11 2009 C:\Windows\system32\uxtheme.dll                                               
     7fefb090000 559eb4fe Jul 09 18:53:02 2015 C:\Windows\system32\dwmapi.dll                                                
    SubSystemData:     0000000000000000                                                                                      
    ProcessHeap:       0000000000340000                                                                                      
    ProcessParameters: 0000000000342a50                                                                                      
    CurrentDirectory:  'C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\VTune Amplifier XE 2016\'                                        
    WindowTitle:  'C:\Users\lewis\Desktop\support.txt - Shortcut.lnk'                                                        
    ImageFile:    'C:\Windows\system32\NOTEPAD.EXE'        
    DllPath:      'C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows\system;C:\Windows;.;C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\VTune Amplifier XE 2016\bin32;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Team Tools\Performance Tools;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.14.26428\bin\Hostx64\x64;C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-7.0.10-Q16-HDRI;C:\Users\lewis\Desktop\IDA_Pro_v6.8_and_Hex-Rays_Decompiler_(ARM,x64,x86)\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9\bin;C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-7.0.10-Q16-HDRI;C:\Program Files\Debugging Tools for Windows (x64)\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows\system32\ffmpeg\bin;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\texlive\2017\bin\win32;C:\adb;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts;C:\Users\lewis\Desktop\New folder (2)\sqlmapproject-sqlmap-6402d2e;C:\Program Files\PuTTY\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9\bin;;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\hyper\resources\bin'
    Environment:  00000000003c7ff0                                                
        =C:=C:\Users\lewis\Desktop
        =ExitCode=00000000
        ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:\ProgramData
        APPDATA=C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Roaming
        CLASSPATH=.;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9\lib
        CommonProgramFiles=C:\Program Files\Common Files
        CommonProgramFiles(x86)=C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
        CommonProgramW6432=C:\Program Files\Common Files
        COMPUTERNAME=QWERTYUIOP
        ComSpec=C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
        FP_NO_HOST_CHECK=NO
        HOMEDRIVE=C:
        HOMEPATH=\Users\lewis
        JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9
        JDK_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9
        LOCALAPPDATA=C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local
        LOGONSERVER=\\QWERTYUIOP
        NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=8
        NVIDIAWHITELISTED=0x01
        ORIGINAL_XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=undefined
        OS=Windows_NT
        Path=C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\VTune Amplifier XE 2016\bin32;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Team Tools\Performance Tools;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.14.26428\bin\Hostx64\x64;C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-7.0.10-Q16-HDRI;C:\Users\lewis\Desktop\IDA_Pro_v6.8_and_Hex-Rays_Decompiler_(ARM,x64,x86)\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9\bin;C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-7.0.10-Q16-HDRI;C:\Program Files\Debugging Tools for Windows (x64)\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows\system32\ffmpeg\bin;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\texlive\2017\bin\win32;C:\adb;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts;C:\Users\lewis\Desktop\New folder (2)\sqlmapproject-sqlmap-6402d2e;C:\Program Files\PuTTY\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-9\bin;;C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\hyper\resources\bin
        PATHEXT=.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
        PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE=AMD64
        PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 9, GenuineIntel
        PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6
        PROCESSOR_REVISION=9e09
        ProgramData=C:\ProgramData
        ProgramFiles=C:\Program Files
        ProgramFiles(x86)=C:\Program Files (x86)
        ProgramW6432=C:\Program Files
        PROMPT=$P$G
        PSModulePath=C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\
        PT7HOME=C:\Program Files\Cisco Packet Tracer 7.0
        PUBLIC=C:\Users\Public
        PYTHON_HOME=C:\Users\lewis\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32
        QTJAVA=C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\QTSystem\QTJava.zip
        SESSIONNAME=Console
        SHIM_MCCOMPAT=0x810000001
        SystemDrive=C:
        SystemRoot=C:\Windows
        TEMP=D:\System\Temp
        TMP=D:\System\Temp
        USERDOMAIN=QWERTYUIOP
        USERNAME=lewis
        USERPROFILE=C:\Users\lewis
        VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH=C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\
        VTUNE_AMPLIFIER_XE_2016_DIR=C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\VTune Amplifier XE 2016\
        windir=C:\Windows
        windows_tracing_flags=3
        _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=srv*c:\symbols*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols
        LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
        TERM=xterm-256color
        COLORTERM=truecolor
        TERM_PROGRAM=Hyper
        TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION=3.1.0-canary.4                  

要获取内核模块基址,您可以使用.reload命令,然后是lm,这也将显示由.process设置的当前进程上下文的用户基址,如果PEB在快照被拍摄时映射(在livekd的情况下)或在那个时间(在本地调试kd -kl的情况下)。

.reload 在当前进程上下文中搜索PEB中的模块(如果PEB已映射)以了解它们的名称、基址和长度,并遍历PsLoadedModuleList以获取内核模块的名称、基址和长度,但卸载/不加载除必要模块外的任何模块符号,根据本地缓存或需要从符号服务器下载而加载更少或更多必要的.pdb,如果您没有指定,则将它们加载到sym\中的缓存或自己的缓存中。您必须使用ld *.reload /f加载符号,并确保.sympathsrv*C:\localcache\*https://https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols。当PEB未映射时,您必须使用VMMap / Process Explorer获取模块的基地址和长度。如果PEB未映射,.reload kernel32将无法工作,因为找不到该模块,但是如果您提供从Process Explorer获得的基址和地址,.reload kernel32.dll 775c0000,11f000将会起作用。为模块提供地址还会加载从该地址开始使用的符号,而不管设置如何。 lm显示发现的所有模块、地址、最后一个页面分配之后的第一页的地址、名称以及是否已在调试器中加载了它们的符号。


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