具有固定列和标题的可滚动表格,使用现代CSS。

27
如何使用现代CSS尽可能少的JavaScript制作表格?
我试图拥有以下功能:
- 固定列(位置和宽度) - 在X和Y轴上可滚动 - X轴响应式(对于非固定宽度列)。

enter image description here

注意: 我看到并分析了一些最流行/最常见的SO问题和答案,例如herehere

我知道可以使用JavaScript事件处理程序来滚动,以便将固定列向下/向上移动以跟随主列。我试图构建的功能的示例(但是脚本非常重)could be like this。我们还可以在表格的父元素中添加MutationObserver来检测大小更改并再次计算表格的大小。但这会影响性能,由于CSS也在不断发展和现代化,我想知道是否有新方法...

是否有2017/2018年的解决方案只使用CSS或尽可能少的JS开销?

我希望避免实施易于破坏的JavaScript解决方案,如下所示:

enter image description here

我的想法:

a):在固定列中使用position: fixed;

问题:

  • <td>元素的高度必须由JavaScript定义或计算。
  • 需要一个滚动事件监听器,并且需要编程滚动固定列

b):使用

来“伪造”左侧列,并在表格中具有可滚动的内容

问题:

  • div的高度必须与表格行的高度同步
  • HTML语义丢失,因为固定的“伪”列不再是表格语法

c):使用N个表格仅显示每个表格的一部分,以便保留HTML标记但保持固定的标题/列。

问题:

  • 重复的HTML x N
  • 还必须使用JavaScript同步大小和滚动

使用滚动事件监听器和一个固定的左侧列,我们可以使用如下JavaScript代码:

const firstColumn = [...document.querySelectorAll('table tr > *:first-of-type')];
const tableContainer = document.querySelector('.table-container');
tableContainer.addEventListener('scroll', function() {
    const currentScrollPosition = this.scrollTop * -1;
 firstColumn.forEach(el => el.style.marginTop = currentScrollPosition + 'px');
});
.table-container {
    width: 600px;
    height: 300px;
    overflow-x: scroll;
    overflow-y: scroll;
}

.table-scroller {
    width: 1000px;
}

table {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: -13px;
    table-layout: fixed;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border: none;
}

table th,
table td {
    padding: 0.8em;
    border: 1px solid;
    background-color: #eeeeef;
}

table th {
    background-color: #6699FF;
    font-weight: bold;
}

table tr {
    height: 60px;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

table tr > *:first-of-type {
    position: fixed;
    width: 50px;
    margin-left: 13px;
    margin-top: 0;
    height: inherit;
}
<div class="table-container">
    <div class="table-scroller">
        <table>
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 0</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 0</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 1</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 1</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 2</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 2</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 3</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 3</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 4</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 4</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 5</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 5</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 6</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 6</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 7</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 7</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 8</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 8</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Edrward 9</td>
                    <td>32</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td>London Park no. 9</td>
                    <td><a href="#">action</a></td>
                </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</div>

但是我能不用JavaScript实现这个吗?


关于可能的重复建议:
我的问题中提到了可能的重复,但它并没有我要找的内容。那个问题只是要求“只冻结左侧一列” - 而这个问题的范围更广,涉及固定标题、固定列和可滚动的正文。
另一个问题和被接受的答案都来自2009年!我认为这个话题,以及我的具体范围和示例值得重新讨论。另外:我的“JS解决方案”只是JS如何失效的一个示例,我正在寻找用现代CSS技术实现同样效果的方法。

你只需要一个表格,还是嵌套元素也可以接受? - klenium
@klenium,我没有任何愿望,想法是让CSS来完成滚动、调整大小和响应式设计。也许我们还没有完全掌握CSS的技巧,可能需要JavaScript的帮助。如果你有什么好的想法,请分享一下。我提到的问题和链接中有些是单表格,有些是多表格。但它们都有一些限制和额外开销,也许在2018年我们已经不再需要它们了(?)。 - Rikard
你的JS“解决方案”并不完美,当主页面滚动时会出现问题。 - Zach Saucier
可能是重复的问题,关于如何创建一个带有固定/冻结左列和可滚动主体的HTML表格?(https://dev59.com/vHM_5IYBdhLWcg3wmkQK) - Zach Saucier
2
@ZachSaucier,那个可能的重复问题在我的问题中提到了,但它并没有我要找的内容。那个问题只是要求“只冻结一个左列” - 这个问题的范围更广泛,涉及到固定头部、固定列和可滚动的正文。另一个问题和被接受的答案都来自2009年!我认为这个主题,以及我的具体范围和示例值得重新讨论。此外:我的“JS解决方案”只是JS如何破解的一个例子,我正在寻找现代CSS技术来实现这一点。 - Rikard
这里有一个非常好的例子:https://codepen.io/Kamilius/pen/LpObwW - user3808307
2个回答

40
也许你可以尝试使用最新的“position: sticky”来实现它。或者,至少要用较少的JavaScript开始这个方法。
div{
  overflow:auto;
  width:100%;
  height:200px;
}
td,
th {
  border: 1px solid #000;
  width: 100px;
}
th {background-color:red;}

table {
  table-layout: fixed;
  width:100%;
}
td:first-child, th:first-child {
  position:sticky;
  left:0;
  z-index:1;
  background-color:grey;
}
td:last-child, th:last-child {
  position:sticky;
  right:0;
  z-index:1;
  background-color:blue;
}
thead tr th {
  position:sticky;
  top:0;
}
th:first-child, th:last-child {z-index:2;background-color:red;}
<div>
  <table>
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
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    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>


1
固定高度不可行,应该是表格所在容器的100%高度。 - PirateApp
2
在示例中添加了固定高度以显示粘性标题,使其尽可能接近提供的gif。 - Alvaro Menéndez
1
对于那些不知道的人(就像我一样),您可以将 table-layout: fixed 更改为 table-layout: auto,以允许列宽自动调整大小。这可能会在非常大的表格上稍微减慢渲染速度,因为浏览器需要等待整个表格加载完毕才能确定正确的列大小。 - user993683
2
太棒了。非常紧凑且易读的代码支持一个强大的示例。 - Steve Rehling
这是一个 Codepen 的代码片段,如果有人感兴趣可以看一下。https://codepen.io/kavinda1995/pen/OJbXxGw - Kavinda Jayakody

0

只需看看我的代码,就可以实现固定页眉和第一列的固定。

    <style type="text/css">
    .table {
          font-family: arial, sans-serif;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

.th {
  width: 126px;
  height: 56px;
  padding: 0px 16px;
  text-align: left;
  background-color: #fafafa;
}

.td {
  width: 118px;
  min-width: 118px;
  max-width: 118px;
  height: 56px;
  max-height: 56px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #dddddd;
}
.pink_color {
  background-color: pink;
}

.table_wrapper {
  position: relative;
}
.table_scroll {
  height: 73vh;
  overflow: auto;
}
.table_wrapper table {
  width: 100%;
}

.table_wrapper table thead th .text {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
}
.tableFixHead
{ 
  overflow: auto; height: 63vh; 
}
.tableFixHead thead th 
{ 
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; 
}


@media only screen and (min-width: 1440px) {
  .table_scroll {
    height: 77vh;
    overflow: auto;
  }
}
</style>

<div style="padding-top: 16px;">
    <div class="table_wrapper">
        <div class="tableFixHead">
            <table class="table">
                <thead>
                  <th style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 3;" class="text th"></th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                  <th class="text th">1</th>
                </thead>
                <tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td style="position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: #fafafa;" class="td">test</td>
                  <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                    <td class="td">test1</td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

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