元类 - 无法替换类字典

Question

运行以下代码（Python 3.3.1）：

from collections import OrderedDict


class MyType(type):
    @classmethod
    def __prepare__(*args):
        return OrderedDict()


class MyClass2(metaclass=MyType):

    attr1 = 1
    attr2 = 2
    attr3 = 3
    attr4 = 4
    attr5 = 5

    def __init__(self):
        self.attr6 = 6

    def func(self):
        pass



print(MyClass2.__dict__.items())

i am getting:

dict_items([('__weakref__', <attribute '__weakref__' of 'MyClass2' objects>), ('__dict__', <attribute '__dict__' of 'MyClass2' objects>), ('__init__', <function MyClass2.__init__ at 0x7f08a106dc20>), ('__doc__', None), ('attr4', 4), ('attr5', 5), ('attr2', 2), ('attr3', 3), ('attr1', 1), ('func', <function MyClass2.func at 0x7f089f995c20>), ('__module__', '__main__')])

类属性并不会按照它们的定义顺序排序。

我在使用OrderedDict作为类__dict__时做错了什么？

- warvariuc

Answer 1

在元类中的__prepare__方法允许你提供自己定制的对象来替换类初始化时使用的dict。但是不能改变实际用于类的类型，它将是一种内部类型的实例，被称为mappingproxy，并且是无序的。如果你想保留属性定义的顺序，必须单独存储它们。

class OrderedClass(type):
         @classmethod
         def __prepare__(metacls, name, bases):
            return OrderedDict()

         def __new__(cls, name, bases, classdict):
            result = type.__new__(cls, name, bases, classdict)
            result.member_names = list(classdict.keys())
            return result


class MyClass2(metaclass=OrderedClass):

    attr1 = 1
    attr2 = 2
    attr3 = 3
    attr4 = 4
    attr5 = 5

    def __init__(self):
        self.attr6 = 6

    def func(self):
        pass

>>> MyClass2.member_names
['__module__', '__qualname__', 'attr1', 'attr2', 'attr3', 'attr4', 'attr5', '__init__', 'func']

- Duncan