让requirejs与Jasmine一起工作

68

首先,我想说我对RequireJS很新,对Jasmine更是新手。

我在SpecRunner和require JS方面遇到了一些问题。我一直在遵循Uzi Kilon和Ben Nadel(以及其他一些人)的教程,他们提供了一些帮助,但我仍然有一些问题。

似乎如果测试中抛出错误(我可以想到一个类型错误),规范运行器html将显示。这告诉我我在javascript方面有些问题。然而,在我修复这些错误后,就不再显示任何HTML了。我无法使测试运行器显示。请问是否有人能找出导致这个问题的代码错误?

以下是我的目录结构

Root 
|-> lib
    |-> jasmine
        |-> lib (contains all of the jasmine lib)
        |-> spec
        |-> src
    |-> jquery (jquery js file)
    |-> require (require js file) 
index.html (spec runner) specRunner.js

这里是SpecRunner(索引)HTML

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Javascript Tests</title>

        <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine.css">

        <script src="lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine.js"></script>
        <script src="lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine-html.js"></script>
        <script src="lib/jquery/jquery.js"></script>
        <script data-main="specRunner" src="lib/require/require.js"></script>

        <script>
            require({ paths: { spec: "lib/jasmine/spec" } }, [
                    // Pull in all your modules containing unit tests here.
                    "spec/notepadSpec"
                ], function () {
                    jasmine.getEnv().addReporter(new jasmine.HtmlReporter());
                    jasmine.getEnv().execute();
                });
        </script>

    </head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

这里是specRunner.js(配置文件)

require.config({
    urlArgs: 'cb=' + Math.random(),
    paths: {
        jquery: 'lib/jquery',
        jasmine: 'lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine',
        'jasmine-html': 'lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine-html',
        spec: 'lib/jasmine/spec/'
    },
    shim: {
        jasmine: {
            exports: 'jasmine'
        },
        'jasmine-html': {
            deps: ['jasmine'],
            exports: 'jasmine'
        }
    }
});

这里是规范:

require(["../lib/jasmine/src/notepad"], function (notepad) {
    describe("returns titles", function() {
        expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("");


    });
});

记事本的源代码:

define(['lib/jasmine/src/note'], function (note) {

    var notes = [
        new note('pick up the kids', 'dont forget to pick  up the kids'),
        new note('get milk', 'we need two gallons of milk')
    ];


    return {
        noteTitles: function () {
            var val;

            for (var i = 0, ii = notes.length; i < ii; i++) {
                //alert(notes[i].title);
                val += notes[i].title + ' ';
            }

            return val;
        }
    };
});

并且注释来源(JIC):

define(function (){
    var note = function(title, content) {
        this.title = title;
        this.content = content;
    };

    return note;
});

我已经确保在应用程序方面路径是正确的。一旦我让它工作起来,我就可以尝试配置这些路径,使其不那么混乱。


你可以试试这个吗?在 require 之外定义了 HtmlReported。只能在 execute 中调用。var jasmineEnv = jasmine.getEnv(); jasmineEnv.addReporter(new jasmine.HtmlReporter()); require(['suites/aSpec.js'], function(spec){ jasmineEnv.execute(); }); - basos
1
对于Jasmine 2.0.0独立版本,这个答案对我有用: https://dev59.com/PWIk5IYBdhLWcg3we-H5#20851265 - shaunsantacruz
5个回答

58

我通过多次尝试成功地解决了这个问题。主要问题在于,当你编写规范时,你不是想创建一个require,而是要使用define:

require(["/lib/jasmine/src/notepad"], function (notepad) {
    describe("returns titles", function() {
        expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("pick up the kids get milk");


    });
});

工作:

define(["lib/jasmine/src/notepad"], function (notepad) {
    describe("returns titles", function () {

        it("something", function() {

            expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("pick up the kids get milk ");
        });

    });
});
使用RequireJS时,任何您想要require()使用的内容都必须包含在define中(现在看来似乎很明显)。在specRunner.js文件中执行测试时,可以看到使用了require(因此需要“define”规范)。
创建规范时,另一个问题是需要describe()和it()都是必需的(不仅仅是像我在发布的示例中只有描述)。
describe("returns titles", function() {
        expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("pick up the kids get milk");


    });

工作中:

describe("returns titles", function () {

        it("something", function() {

            expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("pick up the kids get milk ");
        });

    });

我还调整了测试运行器的位置,但这只是一次重构,并没有改变测试结果。

以下是文件和更改:

note.js:保持不变

notepad.js:保持不变

index.html:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Javascript Tests</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine.css">
        <script data-main="specRunner" src="lib/require/require.js"></script>
    </head>

    <body>
    </body>
</html>

specRunner.js:

require.config({
    urlArgs: 'cb=' + Math.random(),
    paths: {
        jquery: 'lib/jquery',
        'jasmine': 'lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine',
        'jasmine-html': 'lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine-html',
        spec: 'lib/jasmine/spec/'
    },
    shim: {
        jasmine: {
            exports: 'jasmine'
        },
        'jasmine-html': {
            deps: ['jasmine'],
            exports: 'jasmine'
        }
    }
});


require(['jquery', 'jasmine-html'], function ($, jasmine) {

    var jasmineEnv = jasmine.getEnv();
    jasmineEnv.updateInterval = 1000;

    var htmlReporter = new jasmine.HtmlReporter();

    jasmineEnv.addReporter(htmlReporter);

    jasmineEnv.specFilter = function (spec) {
        return htmlReporter.specFilter(spec);
    };

    var specs = [];

    specs.push('lib/jasmine/spec/notepadSpec');



    $(function () {
        require(specs, function (spec) {
            jasmineEnv.execute();
        });
    });

});

notepadSpec.js:

define(["lib/jasmine/src/notepad"], function (notepad) {
    describe("returns titles", function () {

        it("something", function() {

            expect(notepad.noteTitles()).toEqual("pick up the kids get milk");
        });

    });
});

1
+1 的主要问题在于编写规范时,并非要创建 require,而是要使用 define。如果使用 require,则您的测试有时会工作,有时会遇到“找不到规范”的错误。 - Lukas Cenovsky

12

我为那些使用Jasmine 2.0独立版的人提供了这个替代答案。我相信这对于Jasmine 1.3也可以工作,但异步语法不同且有点丑陋。

这是我修改后的SpecRunner.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  <title>Jasmine Spec Runner v2.0.0</title>

  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine_favicon.png">
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine.css">

  <!-- 
  Notice that I just load Jasmine normally
  -->    
  <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine-html.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="lib/jasmine-2.0.0/boot.js"></script>

  <!-- 
  Here we load require.js but we do not use data-main. Instead we will load the
  the specs separately. In short we need to load the spec files synchronously for this
  to work.
  -->
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/vendor/require.min.js"></script>

  <!-- 
  I put my require js config inline for simplicity
  -->
  <script type="text/javascript">
    require.config({
      baseUrl: 'js',
      shim: {
          'underscore': {
              exports: '_'
          },
          'react': {
              exports: 'React'
          }
      },
      paths: {
          jquery: 'vendor/jquery.min',
          underscore: 'vendor/underscore.min',
          react: 'vendor/react.min'
      }
    });
  </script>

  <!-- 
  I put my spec files here
  -->
  <script type="text/javascript" src="spec/a-spec.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="spec/some-other-spec.js"></script>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

现在这里有一个示例规范文件:

describe("Circular List Operation", function() {

    // The CircularList object needs to be loaded by RequireJs
    // before we can use it.
    var CircularList;

    // require.js loads scripts asynchronously, so we can use
    // Jasmine 2.0's async support. Basically it entails calling
    // the done function once require js finishes loading our asset.
    //
    // Here I put the require in the beforeEach function to make sure the
    // Circular list object is loaded each time.
    beforeEach(function(done) {
        require(['lib/util'], function(util) {
            CircularList = util.CircularList;
            done();
        });
    });

    it("should know if list is empty", function() {
        var list = new CircularList();
        expect(list.isEmpty()).toBe(true);
    });

    // We can also use the async feature on the it function
    // to require assets for a specific test.
    it("should know if list is not empty", function(done) {
        require(['lib/entity'], function(entity) {
            var list = new CircularList([new entity.Cat()]);
            expect(list.isEmpty()).toBe(false);
            done();
        });
    });
});

这里是Jasmine 2.0文档中异步支持部分的链接:http://jasmine.github.io/2.0/introduction.html#section-Asynchronous_Support


值得注意的是,这是我找到的唯一与node-webkit配合使用的解决方案,结合RequireJS r.js插件,以便我可以测试导入AMD和Node.js模块的代码。 - jamesmortensen
你的规格没有使用AMD,而我认为这就是这个问题的整个目的。 - cancerbero

3
您可以使用done与前置过滤器结合使用,测试异步回调:
  beforeEach(function(done) {
    return require(['dist/sem-campaign'], function(campaign) {
      module = campaign;
      return done();
    });
  });

3

Jasmine 2.0独立版的另一个选项是创建一个boot.js文件,并设置它在所有AMD模块加载完成后运行您的测试。

在我们的情况下,编写测试的理想用户案例是不必列出所有规范文件或依赖项,只需要将*spec文件声明为带有依赖关系的AMD模块即可。

示例理想规范:spec/javascript/sampleController_spec.js

require(['app/controllers/SampleController'], function(SampleController) {
  describe('SampleController', function() {
      it('should construct an instance of a SampleController', function() {
        expect(new SampleController() instanceof SampleController).toBeTruthy();
      });
  });
});

理想情况下,加载依赖项和运行测试的后台行为对于任何想编写测试的项目参与者来说都是完全不透明的,他们不需要做任何其他事情,只需创建一个带有AMD依赖项的*spec.js文件。
为了使这一切正常工作,我们创建了一个引导文件并配置Jasmine使用它(http://jasmine.github.io/2.0/boot.html),并添加了一些魔法来包装require,以暂时延迟直到我们加载了依赖项后再运行测试:
我们的boot.js "Execution"部分:
/**
 * ## Execution
 *
 * Replace the browser window's `onload`, ensure it's called, and then run all of the loaded specs. This includes initializing the `HtmlReporter` instance and then executing the loaded Jasmine environment. All of this will happen after all of the specs are loaded.
 */

var currentWindowOnload = window.onload;

// Stack of AMD spec definitions
var specDefinitions = [];

// Store a ref to the current require function
window.oldRequire = require;

// Shim in our Jasmine spec require helper, which will queue up all of the definitions to be loaded in later.
require = function(deps, specCallback){
  //push any module defined using require([deps], callback) onto the specDefinitions stack.
  specDefinitions.push({ 'deps' : deps, 'specCallback' : specCallback });
};

//
window.onload = function() {

  // Restore original require functionality
  window.require = oldRequire;
  // Keep a ref to Jasmine context for when we execute later
  var context = this,
      requireCalls = 0, // counter of (successful) require callbacks
      specCount = specDefinitions.length; // # of AMD specs we're expecting to load

  // func to execute the AMD callbacks for our test specs once requireJS has finished loading our deps
  function execSpecDefinitions() {
    //exec the callback of our AMD defined test spec, passing in the returned modules.
    this.specCallback.apply(context, arguments);        
    requireCalls++; // inc our counter for successful AMD callbacks.
    if(requireCalls === specCount){
      //do the normal Jamsine HTML reporter initialization
      htmlReporter.initialize.call(context);
      //execute our Jasmine Env, now that all of our dependencies are loaded and our specs are defined.
      env.execute.call(context);
    }
  }

  var specDefinition;
  // iterate through all of our AMD specs and call require with our spec execution callback
  for (var i = specDefinitions.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    require(specDefinitions[i].deps, execSpecDefinitions.bind(specDefinitions[i]));
  }

  //keep original onload in case we set one in the HTML
  if (currentWindowOnload) {
    currentWindowOnload();
  }

};

我们基本上将 AMD 语法规范保存在一个堆栈中,弹出它们,要求模块,在回调函数中执行我们的断言,然后在所有加载完成后运行 Jasmine。
这种设置允许我们等待单个测试所需的所有 AMD 模块加载完成,并且不会通过创建全局变量来破坏 AMD 模式。在这里有一些技巧,我们暂时覆盖 require,并且只使用 require 加载我们的应用程序代码(在 jasmine.yml 中,`src_dir: 是空的),但总体目标是减少编写规范的开销。

1
这是我使用AMD/requirejs运行jasmine规范的方法,包括所有源和规范。以下是我的index.html文件,它加载了jasmine和我的“单元测试启动器”:

以下是我的index.html文件,它加载了jasmine和我的“单元测试启动器”:

<html><head><title>unit test</title><head>
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="/jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.1.3/jasmine_favicon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.1.3/jasmine.css">
<script src="/jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.1.3/jasmine.js"></script>
<script src="/jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.1.3/jasmine-html.js"></script>
<script src="/jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.1.3/boot.js"></script>
</head><body>
<script data-main="javascript/UnitTestStarter.js" src="javascript/require.js"></script>
</body></html>

然后我的 UnitTestStarter.js 大致是这样的:

require.config({
    "paths": {
        ....
});
require(['MySpec.js'], function()
{
    jasmine.getEnv().execute();
})

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