使用jQuery Ajax传递数据到php时出现问题

Question

我有一个html表单，应该通过jquery ajax将数据提交到一个php文件。代码如下所示。我的问题是，在点击提交按钮时，ajax似乎没有将数据传递给php文件，因为在done()函数下方的console.log返回一个$data对象，显示所有字段都为空（即当字段为空时返回错误消息）。我无法确定问题出在哪里。当我不使用ajax提交表单，即禁用整个$('form').submit(...)块时，成功消息返回true。而ajax块总是返回false。

<form id="sds_contact_form" class="sds_form" action="form_submit.php" method="post">
                    <!-- name -->
                    <div class="sds_input_group sds_half_field">
                        <label for="sds_sender_name">full name*</label>
                        <input id="sds_sender_name" name="sds_customer" type="text" placeholder="eg John smith" required />
                        <span id="sds_customername_error" class="sds_error_span"></span>
                    </div>
                    <!-- email address -->
                    <div class="sds_input_group sds_half_field">
                        <label for="sds_sender_email">email*</label>
                        <input id="sds_sender_email" name="sds_form_email" type="email" placeholder="eg [e-mail]" required />
                        <span id="sds_email_error" class="sds_error_span"></span>
                    </div>
                    <!-- subject -->
                    <div class="sds_input_group">
                        <label for="sds_email_subject">subject*</label>
                        <input id="sds_email_subject" name="sds_form_subject" type="text" placeholder="e.g need an app designed" required />
                        <span id="sds_subject_error" class="sds_error_span"></span>
                    </div>
                    <!--enquiry -->
                    <div class="sds_input_group">
                        <label for="sds_sender_enquiry">enquiry*</label>
                        <span id="sds_enquiry_error" class="sds_error_span"></span>
                        <textarea id="sds_sender_enquiry" name="sds_form_enquiry" placeholder="enter details here" rows="15" required></textarea>
                    </div>
                    <!-- submit button -->
                    <button  name="sds_submit_enquiry" type="submit" class="sds_form_button sds_button">send</button>
                </form> 

这是 jQuery 的代码

//form data submission
$('form').submit(function(event){
    var form_data = {
        'customer_name' : $('#sds_sender_name').val(),
        'customer_email' : $('#sds_sender_email').val(),
        'email_subject': $('#sds_email_subject').val(),
        'enquiry': $('#sds_sender_enquiry').val()
    };
    console.log(form_data);

    $.ajax({
        url :'form_submit.php',
        type:'POST',
        data:form_data,
        dataType:'json',

    }).done(function(data){
        console.log(data);

    }).fail(function(xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError){
        console.log("ERROR:" + xhr.responseText+" - "+thrownError);
    });
    event.preventDefault();


});

这是form_submit.php中的PHP代码。

<?php

$data = array();
$errors = array();

//get form data
$customer_name = $_POST['sds_customer'];
$customer_email = $_POST['sds_form_email'];
$email_subject = $_POST['sds_form_subject'];
$enquiry = $_POST['sds_form_enquiry'];  

//validate name
if(empty($customer_name)){
    $errors['customer_name'] = 'name is required';
}

//validate email
if(empty($customer_email)){
    $errors['customer_email'] = 'email is required';
}else{
    if(!filter_var($customer_email,FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)){
        $errors['customer_email'] = 'email provided is invalid';
    }
    $customer_email = filter_var($customer_email,FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);
}

//validate form subject
if(empty($email_subject)){
    $errors['email_subject'] = 'subject is required';
}else{
    $email_subject = filter_var($email_subject,FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
}

//validate form comments
if(empty($enquiry)){
    $errors['enquiry'] = 'please enter your enquiry';
}else{
    $enquiry = filter_var($enquiry,FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
}



if(!empty($errors)){
    $data['success'] = false;
    $data['errors'] = $errors;
}else{
    $data['success'] = true;
    $data['message'] = "Your email has been sucessfully sent. Thank you for your enquiry. Exepect a response soon!";

    //further data processing here....


}
echo json_encode($data);

?>

- nelson

---

在完成的部分中，您应该使用JSON.parse(data);，因为您正在传递从PHP解码的JSON。 - Jigar7521

@Jigar7521 不需要，如果AJAX的dataType被定义为JSON，那么JSON.parse是不必要的。 - Gabriel Heming

Answer 1

$("#sds_contact_form").serialize() // returns all the data in your form

$.ajax({
     type: "POST",
     url: 'form_submit.php',
     data: $("#sds_contact_form").serialize(),
     dataType:'json',
     success: function(data) {
          console.log(data);
     }
});

在你的 PHP 文件中，反序列化你的数据。

unserialize($data); 

- Ritchie

---

谢谢。你的回答补充了 @Gabriel Heming 的回答，并帮助我看到如何处理 JavaScript 开启和关闭的情况。 - nelson

Answer 2

您的问题涉及参数名称。在jQuery中，参数被定义为：

var form_data = {
    'customer_name' : $('#sds_sender_name').val(),
    'customer_email' : $('#sds_sender_email').val(),
    'email_subject': $('#sds_email_subject').val(),
    'enquiry': $('#sds_sender_enquiry').val()
};

在PHP中，您正在使用sds前缀（如表单中所写）：

//get form data
$customer_name = $_POST['sds_customer'];
$customer_email = $_POST['sds_form_email'];
$email_subject = $_POST['sds_form_subject'];
$enquiry = $_POST['sds_form_enquiry'];

你的参数应该与 AJAX 匹配，而不是表单（如下所示）。

$customer_name = $_POST['customer_name'];
$customer_email = $_POST['customer_email'];
$email_subject = $_POST['email_subject'];
$enquiry = $_POST['enquiry'];

或者只需在表单上使用序列化：

$.ajax(
    data: $("#sds_contact_form").serialize(),
    /*** others parameters ***/

- Gabriel Heming

---

太好了！我修改了代码，现在它可以正常工作了！唯一的问题是当有人关闭JavaScript时，它将无法工作。我该如何在PHP文件中编写代码以适应这两种情况？ - nelson

回答自己，第二种解决方案（序列化表单）适用于两种情况，即我不必使参数与 AJAX 匹配。 - nelson

如果您序列化表单，它将带有来自HTML表单的参数名称。因此，您的PHP应该与表单名称匹配（就像以前一样）。 - Gabriel Heming