我有以下方法将一个对象保存到文件：
// Save an object out to the disk
public static void SerializeObject<T>(this T toSerialize, String filename)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toSerialize.GetType());
TextWriter textWriter = new StreamWriter(filename);
xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);
textWriter.Close();
}
我承认我没有编写它（我只将其转换为一个带有类型参数的扩展方法）。
现在，我需要将xml作为字符串返回给我（而不是保存到文件中）。我正在研究这个问题，但我还没有想出来。
我认为对于熟悉这些对象的人来说，这可能非常容易。如果不是，我最终会弄清楚的。
使用 StringWriter 代替 StreamWriter：
public static string SerializeObject<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toSerialize.GetType());
using(StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())
{
xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);
return textWriter.ToString();
}
}
toSerialize.GetType()而不是typeof(T)：如果您使用第一个，代码将涵盖所有可能的T子类（对于该方法有效），而使用后者将在传递从T派生的类型时失败。typeof(T)时，XmlSerializer会抛出异常，因为您向调用SerializeObject的方法传递了派生类型的实例，而该方法在派生类型的基类中定义：http://ideone.com/1Z5J1。Exception与Ideone上显示的Message不同，但结果相同。序列化和反序列化XML/JSON（SerializationHelper.cs）（您可以使用Newtonsoft.Json Nuget包进行JSON序列化）：
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace MyProject.Helpers
{
public static class SerializationHelper
{
public static T DeserializeXml<T>(this string toDeserialize)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using (StringReader textReader = new StringReader(toDeserialize))
{
return (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(textReader);
}
}
public static string SerializeXml<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using (StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())
{
xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);
return textWriter.ToString();
}
}
public static T DeserializeJson<T>(this string toDeserialize)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(toDeserialize);
}
public static string SerializeJson<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(toSerialize);
}
}
}
using System.Text.Json;
...
public static T DeserializeJson<T>(this string toDeserialize, JsonSerializerOptions options = null)
{
return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(toDeserialize, options);
}
public static string SerializeJson<T>(this T toSerialize, JsonSerializerOptions options = null)
{
return JsonSerializer.Serialize<T>(toSerialize, options);
}
Newtonsoft.Json的NuGet依赖是Newtonsoft.Json更加容错：public static T? DeserializeXml(this string toDeserialize)
{
var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using var sr = new StringReader(toDeserialize);
try
{
return (T?)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(sr);
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
} - Netzmensch我知道这不是问题的真正答案，但基于问题的投票数和被接受的答案，我怀疑人们实际上正在使用代码将对象序列化为字符串。
使用XML序列化会向输出中添加不必要的额外文本垃圾。
对于以下类：
public class UserData
{
public int UserId { get; set; }
}
它生成
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<UserData xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<UserId>0</UserId>
</UserData>
更好的解决方案是使用JSON序列化（其中最好的之一是Json.NET）。 要序列化一个对象：
var userData = new UserData {UserId = 0};
var userDataString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(userData);
反序列化对象：
var userData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<UserData>(userDataString);
序列化后的 JSON 字符串将如下所示：
{"UserId":0}
关于被接受的答案，在XmlSerializer构造函数中使用toSerialize.GetType()而不是typeof(T)非常重要：如果你使用第一个，代码将涵盖所有可能的情况，而使用后者有时会失败。
这里有一个链接，其中包含一些示例代码，可以证明这个说法，当使用typeof(T)时，XmlSerializer会抛出异常，因为你将派生类型的实例传递给调用SerializeObject<T>()的方法，该方法在派生类型的基类中定义：http://ideone.com/1Z5J1。请注意，Ideone使用Mono来执行代码：你在Microsoft .NET运行时中得到的实际异常消息与Ideone上显示的不同，但它仍然会失败。
为了完整起见，在此发布完整的代码示例供将来参考，以防Ideone（我发布代码的地方）将来不可用：
using System;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.IO;
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
Sub subInstance = new Sub();
Console.WriteLine(subInstance.TestMethod());
}
public class Super
{
public string TestMethod() {
return this.SerializeObject();
}
}
public class Sub : Super
{
}
}
public static class TestExt {
public static string SerializeObject<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
Console.WriteLine(typeof(T).Name); // PRINTS: "Super", the base/superclass -- Expected output is "Sub" instead
Console.WriteLine(toSerialize.GetType().Name); // PRINTS: "Sub", the derived/subclass
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter();
// And now...this will throw and Exception!
// Changing new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)) to new XmlSerializer(subInstance.GetType());
// solves the problem
xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);
return textWriter.ToString();
}
}
using (StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter() {})。 - Amicableusing 语句既是我们的好朋友，也是我们亲爱的实现 IDisposable 接口的对象的好朋友 ;) - Fulvio我的看法是...
string Serialise<T>(T serialisableObject)
{
var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(serialisableObject.GetType());
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
using (var xw = XmlWriter.Create(ms,
new XmlWriterSettings()
{
Encoding = new UTF8Encoding(false),
Indent = true,
NewLineOnAttributes = true,
}))
{
xmlSerializer.Serialize(xw,serialisableObject);
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
}
}
}
public static string SerializeObject<T>(T objectToSerialize)
{
System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter bf = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream();
try
{
bf.Serialize(memStr, objectToSerialize);
memStr.Position = 0;
return Convert.ToBase64String(memStr.ToArray());
}
finally
{
memStr.Close();
}
}
public static T DerializeObject<T>(string objectToDerialize)
{
System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter bf = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
byte[] byteArray = Convert.FromBase64String(objectToDerialize);
MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream(byteArray);
try
{
return (T)bf.Deserialize(memStr);
}
finally
{
memStr.Close();
}
}
using (MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream())来替代try/catch语句。 - undefined我觉得有必要分享这个被篡改的代码，因为我没有声望，所以无法进行评论。
using System;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.IO;
namespace ObjectSerialization
{
public static class ObjectSerialization
{
// THIS: (C): https://dev59.com/jXE95IYBdhLWcg3wJKl_
/// <summary>
/// A helper to serialize an object to a string containing XML data of the object.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">An object to serialize to a XML data string.</typeparam>
/// <param name="toSerialize">A helper method for any type of object to be serialized to a XML data string.</param>
/// <returns>A string containing XML data of the object.</returns>
public static string SerializeObject<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
// create an instance of a XmlSerializer class with the typeof(T)..
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toSerialize.GetType());
// using is necessary with classes which implement the IDisposable interface..
using (StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter())
{
// serialize a class to a StringWriter class instance..
xmlSerializer.Serialize(stringWriter, toSerialize); // a base class of the StringWriter instance is TextWriter..
return stringWriter.ToString(); // return the value..
}
}
// THIS: (C): VPKSoft, 2018, https://www.vpksoft.net
/// <summary>
/// Deserializes an object which is saved to an XML data string. If the object has no instance a new object will be constructed if possible.
/// <note type="note">An exception will occur if a null reference is called an no valid constructor of the class is available.</note>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">An object to deserialize from a XML data string.</typeparam>
/// <param name="toDeserialize">An object of which XML data to deserialize. If the object is null a a default constructor is called.</param>
/// <param name="xmlData">A string containing a serialized XML data do deserialize.</param>
/// <returns>An object which is deserialized from the XML data string.</returns>
public static T DeserializeObject<T>(this T toDeserialize, string xmlData)
{
// if a null instance of an object called this try to create a "default" instance for it with typeof(T),
// this will throw an exception no useful constructor is found..
object voidInstance = toDeserialize == null ? Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T)) : toDeserialize;
// create an instance of a XmlSerializer class with the typeof(T)..
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(voidInstance.GetType());
// construct a StringReader class instance of the given xmlData parameter to be deserialized by the XmlSerializer class instance..
using (StringReader stringReader = new StringReader(xmlData))
{
// return the "new" object deserialized via the XmlSerializer class instance..
return (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(stringReader);
}
}
// THIS: (C): VPKSoft, 2018, https://www.vpksoft.net
/// <summary>
/// Deserializes an object which is saved to an XML data string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="toDeserialize">A type of an object of which XML data to deserialize.</param>
/// <param name="xmlData">A string containing a serialized XML data do deserialize.</param>
/// <returns>An object which is deserialized from the XML data string.</returns>
public static object DeserializeObject(Type toDeserialize, string xmlData)
{
// create an instance of a XmlSerializer class with the given type toDeserialize..
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toDeserialize);
// construct a StringReader class instance of the given xmlData parameter to be deserialized by the XmlSerializer class instance..
using (StringReader stringReader = new StringReader(xmlData))
{
// return the "new" object deserialized via the XmlSerializer class instance..
return xmlSerializer.Deserialize(stringReader);
}
}
}
}
我无法使用xhafan建议的JSONConvert方法。
即使在添加了“System.Web.Extensions”程序集引用后，我仍然无法访问JSONConvert。
但是，一旦您添加了该引用，您可以使用以下方式获得相同的字符串输出：
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
string jsonstring = js.Serialize(yourClassObject);
[VB]
Public Function XmlSerializeObject(ByVal obj As Object) As String
Dim xmlStr As String = String.Empty
Dim settings As New XmlWriterSettings()
settings.Indent = False
settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = True
settings.NewLineChars = String.Empty
settings.NewLineHandling = NewLineHandling.None
Using stringWriter As New StringWriter()
Using xmlWriter__1 As XmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stringWriter, settings)
Dim serializer As New XmlSerializer(obj.[GetType]())
serializer.Serialize(xmlWriter__1, obj)
xmlStr = stringWriter.ToString()
xmlWriter__1.Close()
End Using
stringWriter.Close()
End Using
Return xmlStr.ToString
End Function
Public Function XmlDeserializeObject(ByVal data As [String], ByVal objType As Type) As Object
Dim xmlSer As New System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(objType)
Dim reader As TextReader = New StringReader(data)
Dim obj As New Object
obj = DirectCast(xmlSer.Deserialize(reader), Object)
Return obj
End Function
[C#]
public string XmlSerializeObject(object obj)
{
string xmlStr = String.Empty;
XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
settings.Indent = false;
settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = true;
settings.NewLineChars = String.Empty;
settings.NewLineHandling = NewLineHandling.None;
using (StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter())
{
using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stringWriter, settings))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer( obj.GetType());
serializer.Serialize(xmlWriter, obj);
xmlStr = stringWriter.ToString();
xmlWriter.Close();
}
}
return xmlStr.ToString();
}
public object XmlDeserializeObject(string data, Type objType)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSer = new XmlSerializer(objType);
StringReader reader = new StringReader(data);
object obj = new object();
obj = (object)(xmlSer.Deserialize(reader));
return obj;
}
public static class SerializationHelper
{
public static string Serialize<T>(this T toSerialize, OutTypeEnum oType)
{
if(oType == OutTypeEnum.JSON)
return SerializeJson<T>(toSerialize);
else if(oType == OutTypeEnum.XML)
return SerializeXml<T>(toSerialize);
else
return SerializeBin<T>(toSerialize);
}
public static T Deserialize<T>(this string toDeserialize, OutTypeEnum oType)
{
if (oType == OutTypeEnum.JSON)
return DeserializeJson<T>(toDeserialize);
else if (oType == OutTypeEnum.XML)
return DeserializeXml<T>(toDeserialize);
else
return DeserializeBin<T>(toDeserialize);
}
public static string SerializeXml<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using (StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())
{
xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);
return textWriter.ToString();
}
}
public static T DeserializeXml<T>(this string toDeserialize)
{
XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using (StringReader textReader = new StringReader(toDeserialize))
{
return (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(textReader);
}
}
public static string SerializeJson<T>(this T toSerialize) => JsonSerializer.Serialize(toSerialize);
public static T DeserializeJson<T>(this string toDeserialize) => (T)JsonSerializer.Deserialize(toDeserialize, typeof(T));
public static string SerializeBin<T>(this T toSerialize)
{
System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter bf = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream();
try
{
bf.Serialize(memStr, toSerialize);
memStr.Position = 0;
return Convert.ToBase64String(memStr.ToArray());
}
finally
{
memStr.Close();
}
}
public static T DeserializeBin<T>(this string objectToDerialize)
{
System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter bf = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();
byte[] byteArray = Convert.FromBase64String(objectToDerialize);
MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream(byteArray);
try
{
return (T)bf.Deserialize(memStr);
}
finally
{
memStr.Close();
}
}
}
public enum OutTypeEnum
{
JSON,
XML,
BIN
}
用法：
SomeClass obj = new SomeClass();
string serializedObject = obj.Serialize(OutTypeEnum.JSON);
SomeClass newObj = serializedObject.Deserialize<SomeClass>(OutTypeEnum.JSON);
typeof(T)与toSerialize.GetType()等详细信息，请另开话题，但不要在我的回答中讨论。谢谢。 - dtb