最近,我花费了太多时间搜索如何从OMNIKEY近距离读卡器获取ATR的完整示例...
现在,我的代码已经可以运行,我想分享给其他人受益。
我发现的最好的代码来自SpringCard。(谢谢!)
我找到的其他示例都是浪费时间和误导的,并且由于DllImport不正确而无法工作...
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Test
{
public delegate void VoidDelegate();
public delegate void CardPresented(string reader, byte[] cardData);
public class ReaderList : IDisposable, IEnumerable<string>
{
public ReaderList()
{ }
public void Dispose()
{
StopThread();
}
private Thread thread;
private void StartThread()
{
if (thread != null)
StopThread();
thread = new Thread(Run);
thread.IsBackground = true;
bStopThread = false;
thread.Start();
}
private void StopThread()
{
if (thread != null)
{
bStopThread = true;
Thread.Sleep(50);
}
if (thread != null)
thread.Abort();
if (thread != null)
thread.Join();
thread = null;
}
private List<string> readerNames = new List<string>();
private Dictionary<string, string> lastCardFound = new Dictionary<string, string>();
public int ReaderCount
{ get { return readerNames.Count; } }
public void Refresh()
{
if (thread == null)
StartThread();
}
public event VoidDelegate ListChanged;
public event CardPresented CardPresented;
private bool bStopThread = true;
private void Run()
{
IntPtr hContext = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
uint result = SCARD.EstablishContext(SCARD.SCOPE_SYSTEM, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, ref hContext);
if (result != SCARD.S_SUCCESS)
{
thread = null;
return;
}
uint notification_state = SCARD.STATE_UNAWARE;
while (!bStopThread) // loop 1 - build list, then iterate
{
SCARD.ReaderState[] states = new SCARD.ReaderState[ReaderCount + 1];
states[0] = new SCARD.ReaderState(@"\\?PNP?\NOTIFICATION");
states[0].dwCurrentState = notification_state;
int iState = 0;
if (readerNames != null)
foreach (string s in readerNames)
{
iState++;
states[iState] = new SCARD.ReaderState(s);
states[iState].dwCurrentState = SCARD.STATE_UNAWARE;
}
while (!bStopThread) // loop 2 - iterate over list built above
{
result = SCARD.GetStatusChange(hContext, 250, states, (uint)states.Length);
if (result == SCARD.E_TIMEOUT)
continue;
if (result != SCARD.S_SUCCESS)
break;
bool bReaderListChanged = false;
for (int i = 0; i < states.Length; i++)
if ((states[i].dwEventState & SCARD.STATE_CHANGED) != 0)
if (i == 0)
{
// reader added or removed
notification_state = states[0].dwEventState;
// we want to replace the member in one step, rather than modifying it...
List<string> tmp = GetReaderList(hContext, SCARD.GROUP_ALL_READERS);
if (tmp == null)
readerNames.Clear();
else
readerNames = tmp;
if (ListChanged != null)
ListChanged();
bReaderListChanged = true;
}
else
{
// card added or removed
states[i].dwCurrentState = states[i].dwEventState;
if ((states[i].dwEventState & SCARD.STATE_PRESENT) != 0)
{
byte[] cardData = new byte[states[i].cbATR];
for (int j=0; j<cardData.Length; j++)
cardData[j] = states[i].rgbATR[j];
string thisCard = SCARD.ToHex(cardData, "");
string lastCard;
lastCardFound.TryGetValue(states[i].szReader, out lastCard);
if (thisCard != lastCard)
{
lastCardFound[states[i].szReader] = thisCard;
if (CardPresented != null)
CardPresented(states[i].szReader, cardData);
}
}
else
lastCardFound[states[i].szReader] = "";
}
if (bReaderListChanged)
break; // break out of loop 2, and re-build our 'states' list
} // end loop 2
} // end loop 1
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//TODO: error logging
}
finally
{
if (hContext != IntPtr.Zero)
SCARD.ReleaseContext(hContext);
thread = null;
}
}
private List<string> GetReaderList(IntPtr hContext, string sGroup)
{
uint nStringLength = 0;
uint result = SCARD.ListReaders(hContext, sGroup, null, ref nStringLength);
if (result != SCARD.S_SUCCESS)
return null;
string sReaders = new string(' ', (int)nStringLength);
result = SCARD.ListReaders(hContext, sGroup, sReaders, ref nStringLength);
if (result != SCARD.S_SUCCESS)
return null;
List<string> list = new List<string> (sReaders.Split('\0'));
for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; )
if (list[i].Trim().Length > 0)
i++;
else
list.RemoveAt(i);
return list;
}
public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator()
{ return readerNames.GetEnumerator(); }
System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{ return readerNames.GetEnumerator(); }
}
public class SCARD
{
[DllImport("WinScard.dll", EntryPoint = "SCardEstablishContext")]
public static extern uint EstablishContext(
uint dwScope,
IntPtr nNotUsed1,
IntPtr nNotUsed2,
ref IntPtr phContext);
[DllImport("WinScard.dll", EntryPoint = "SCardReleaseContext")]
public static extern uint ReleaseContext(
IntPtr hContext);
[DllImport("winscard.dll", EntryPoint = "SCardGetStatusChangeW", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern uint GetStatusChange(
IntPtr hContext,
uint dwTimeout,
[In, Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 3)]
SCARD.ReaderState[] rgReaderState,
uint cReaders);
[DllImport("winscard.dll", EntryPoint = "SCardListReadersW", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern uint ListReaders(
IntPtr hContext,
string groups,
string readers,
ref uint size);
#region Error codes
public const uint S_SUCCESS = 0x00000000;
public const uint F_INTERNAL_ERROR = 0x80100001;
public const uint E_CANCELLED = 0x80100002;
public const uint E_INVALID_HANDLE = 0x80100003;
public const uint E_INVALID_PARAMETER = 0x80100004;
public const uint E_INVALID_TARGET = 0x80100005;
public const uint E_NO_MEMORY = 0x80100006;
public const uint F_WAITED_TOO_LONG = 0x80100007;
public const uint E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 0x80100008;
public const uint E_UNKNOWN_READER = 0x80100009;
public const uint E_TIMEOUT = 0x8010000A;
public const uint E_SHARING_VIOLATION = 0x8010000B;
public const uint E_NO_SMARTCARD = 0x8010000C;
public const uint E_UNKNOWN_CARD = 0x8010000D;
public const uint E_CANT_DISPOSE = 0x8010000E;
public const uint E_PROTO_MISMATCH = 0x8010000F;
public const uint E_NOT_READY = 0x80100010;
public const uint E_INVALID_VALUE = 0x80100011;
public const uint E_SYSTEM_CANCELLED = 0x80100012;
public const uint F_COMM_ERROR = 0x80100013;
public const uint F_UNKNOWN_ERROR = 0x80100014;
public const uint E_INVALID_ATR = 0x80100015;
public const uint E_NOT_TRANSACTED = 0x80100016;
public const uint E_READER_UNAVAILABLE = 0x80100017;
public const uint P_SHUTDOWN = 0x80100018;
public const uint E_PCI_TOO_SMALL = 0x80100019;
public const uint E_READER_UNSUPPORTED = 0x8010001A;
public const uint E_DUPLICATE_READER = 0x8010001B;
public const uint E_CARD_UNSUPPORTED = 0x8010001C;
public const uint E_NO_SERVICE = 0x8010001D;
public const uint E_SERVICE_STOPPED = 0x8010001E;
public const uint E_UNEXPECTED = 0x8010001F;
public const uint E_ICC_INSTALLATION = 0x80100020;
public const uint E_ICC_CREATEORDER = 0x80100021;
public const uint E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE = 0x80100022;
public const uint E_DIR_NOT_FOUND = 0x80100023;
public const uint E_FILE_NOT_FOUND = 0x80100024;
public const uint E_NO_DIR = 0x80100025;
public const uint E_NO_FILE = 0x80100026;
public const uint E_NO_ACCESS = 0x80100027;
public const uint E_WRITE_TOO_MANY = 0x80100028;
public const uint E_BAD_SEEK = 0x80100029;
public const uint E_INVALID_CHV = 0x8010002A;
public const uint E_UNKNOWN_RES_MNG = 0x8010002B;
public const uint E_NO_SUCH_CERTIFICATE = 0x8010002C;
public const uint E_CERTIFICATE_UNAVAILABLE = 0x8010002D;
public const uint E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE = 0x8010002E;
public const uint E_COMM_DATA_LOST = 0x8010002F;
public const uint E_NO_KEY_CONTAINER = 0x80100030;
public const uint W_UNSUPPORTED_CARD = 0x80100065;
public const uint W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD = 0x80100066;
public const uint W_UNPOWERED_CARD = 0x80100067;
public const uint W_RESET_CARD = 0x80100068;
public const uint W_REMOVED_CARD = 0x80100069;
public const uint W_SECURITY_VIOLATION = 0x8010006A;
public const uint W_WRONG_CHV = 0x8010006B;
public const uint W_CHV_BLOCKED = 0x8010006C;
public const uint W_EOF = 0x8010006D;
public const uint W_CANCELLED_BY_USER = 0x8010006E;
public const uint W_CARD_NOT_AUTHENTICATED = 0x8010006F;
#endregion
public const uint SCOPE_USER = 0;
public const uint SCOPE_TERMINAL = 1;
public const uint SCOPE_SYSTEM = 2;
public const string GROUP_ALL_READERS = "SCard$AllReaders\0\0";
public const string GROUP_DEFAULT_READERS = "SCard$DefaultReaders\0\0";
public const string GROUP_LOCAL_READERS = "SCard$LocalReaders\0\0";
public const string GROUP_SYSTEM_READERS = "SCard$SystemReaders\0\0";
public const uint STATE_UNAWARE = 0x00000000;
public const uint STATE_IGNORE = 0x00000001;
public const uint STATE_CHANGED = 0x00000002;
public const uint STATE_UNKNOWN = 0x00000004;
public const uint STATE_UNAVAILABLE = 0x00000008;
public const uint STATE_EMPTY = 0x00000010;
public const uint STATE_PRESENT = 0x00000020;
public const uint STATE_ATRMATCH = 0x00000040;
public const uint STATE_EXCLUSIVE = 0x00000080;
public const uint STATE_INUSE = 0x00000100;
public const uint STATE_MUTE = 0x00000200;
public const uint STATE_UNPOWERED = 0x00000400;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct ReaderState
{
public ReaderState(string sName)
{
szReader = sName;
pvUserData = IntPtr.Zero;
dwCurrentState = 0;
dwEventState = 0;
cbATR = 0;
rgbATR = null;
}
internal string szReader;
internal IntPtr pvUserData;
internal uint dwCurrentState;
internal uint dwEventState;
internal uint cbATR; // count of bytes in rgbATR
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x24, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.U1)]
internal byte[] rgbATR;
}
public static string ToHex(byte[] ab, string sDelim)
{
if (ab == null) return "<NULL>";
return ToHex(ab, 0, ab.Length, sDelim);
}
public static string ToHex(byte[] ab, int offset, int len, string sDelim)
{
if (ab == null) return "<NULL>";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
len = Math.Min(offset + len, ab.Length);
for (int i = offset; i < len; i++)
sb.Append(String.Format("{0:x02}", ab[i]).ToUpper() + sDelim);
return sb.ToString();
}
}
}
UID可以通过针对的PC/SC 2.01兼容函数调用进行读取。
对于iCLASS卡,其长度通常为8个字节。其他卡返回4到8个字节的UID(它就像一个电话号码,用于识别场中的多张卡并最终选择一张)。
可以通过标准的SCardTransmit()
交换APDU,其中CLA=0xFF
表示访问非接触式存储卡。
Marc
注意:UID不反映印在卡上的卡号。卡号是存储在该卡的应用程序1的页面0的HID PAC应用程序中的Wiegand数据的一部分。
UID:EE 74 0E 00 FB FF 12 E0
Uid通常为16个字节长。
您可以阅读此独特标识符(UID):所有符合ISO标准的智能卡都配备有UID号码(类似于车辆上的VIN号码)。为了实现互操作性,卡的UID是开放和可供所有符合标准的读卡器读取的。由于此唯一数字未受密钥保护,因此读取智能卡的UID与读取近距离卡、磁条卡或其他使用开放的、未受保护数字的技术相当。
即使UID号码是标准的一部分,并且标准规定它应该在全球范围内是唯一的,但您必须记住,通常有制造商生产不符合规定(但可用)的卡片。
结论:只要您没有在卡片上放置独特的内容,就无法确定从卡片到卡片所有者的链接是否满足要求。
ATR(Answer To Reset)仅说明卡片格式、协议和数据的校验和。请参见ATR Parsing online。
现在您知道了是哪种卡片,然后必须应用适当的(RS232/RS485/ZPL II/APDU - 智能卡应用协议数据单元,定义在ISO/IEC 7816-4中)命令来获取UID(取决于它是级联1、2还是3,请参见ACG HF Multi ISO RFID Reader v1.0第50页,也称为Omnikey5553 RS232)- 对于14443,它最长可达14个字节,占据第一个16字节扇区(扇区0)中的前两个块,并嵌入校验和。(请参见ISO14443协议或NXP Semiconductors MF1ICS50规格书第8页)。
对于15693,RS232/RS485命令将在选择(Omnikey5553 RS232和USB)时返回完整的16字节UID,但在APDU上只返回最后8个字节(在Omnikey5022上为0xFF 0xCA 0x00 0x00 0x00),尽管这是标准,因为对于15693,卡片每次只响应8个字节。对于14443,您可以一次读取一个扇区(32个字节的4个8字节块,在读/写S50之前登录到扇区),但对于15693,您只能一次读/写8字节块,并且返回缓冲区中有其他数据。您必须编写代码,无论是在32还是8处“阻止”数据。这是使用Windows API的标准SCardTransmit智能卡协议。由于诊断应用程序已返回16个字节,因此那就是卡片的UID。此外,一些专有的15693使用14443反转密钥来混淆和防止修改,其他人则持有执行验证的微程序 - 在PC上或在卡片本身上执行。NDEF是卡片的另一个需要理解的方面 - 在NFC NDEF标准中有很好的解释,但要小心14443的OTP和LOCK区域,因为它们一旦设置就是单向的。
您可以随时使用带有NFC和TagData应用程序的Android手机进行验证。