使用VS2012项目链接使用VS2008构建的静态库？它们是否兼容？

Question

我有一堆静态的.lib文件，包括mysqlclient.lib、v8_base.lib和mysqlpp.lib，我将它们链接到我的项目中，这些文件都是使用Visual Studio 2008构建的，并且使用/MT运行库选项构建。

我刚试图升级到VS2012，虽然代码编译正常，但在项目链接时出现以下错误（总共超过500个错误）：

Error   47  error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall std::ios_base::clear(int,bool)" (?clear@ios_base@std@@QAEXH_N@Z)  D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(dbdriver.obj) server
Error   48  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(datetime.obj) server
Error   49  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(stadapter.obj)    server
Error   50  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(sqlstream.obj)    server
Error   51  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(connection.obj)   server
Error   52  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(mystring.obj) server
Error   53  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(row.obj)  server
Error   54  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall std::_Mutex::~_Mutex(void)" (??1_Mutex@std@@QAE@XZ)   D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(query.obj)    server
Error   55  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(dbdriver.obj) server
Error   56  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(datetime.obj) server
Error   57  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(stadapter.obj)    server
Error   58  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(sqlstream.obj)    server
Error   59  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(connection.obj)   server
Error   60  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(mystring.obj) server
Error   61  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(row.obj)  server
Error   62  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "long const std::_BADOFF" (?_BADOFF@std@@3JB) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(query.obj)    server
Error   63  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(qparms.obj)   server
Error   64  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(sqlstream.obj)    server
Error   65  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(options.obj)  server
Error   66  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(field_types.obj)  server
Error   67  error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) referenced in function "public: char __thiscall mysqlpp::SQLTypeAdapter::at(unsigned int)const " (?at@SQLTypeAdapter@mysqlpp@@QBEDI@Z)  D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(stadapter.obj)    server
Error   68  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(manip.obj)    server
Error   69  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(null.obj) server
Error   70  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(datetime.obj) server
Error   71  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(type_info.obj)    server
Error   72  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(vallist.obj)  server
Error   73  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(field_names.obj)  server
Error   74  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(query.obj)    server
Error   75  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(dbdriver.obj) server
Error   76  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(tcp_connection.obj)   server
Error   77  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(uds_connection.obj)   server
Error   78  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(connection.obj)   server
Error   79  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(mystring.obj) server
Error   80  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(row.obj)  server
Error   81  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xran(void)" (?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(result.obj)   server
Error   82  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(null.obj) server
Error   83  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(qparms.obj)   server
Error   84  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(sqlstream.obj)    server
Error   85  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(field_types.obj)  server
Error   86  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(stadapter.obj)    server
Error   87  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(manip.obj)    server
Error   88  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(utility.obj)  server
Error   89  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(datetime.obj) server
Error   90  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(type_info.obj)    server
Error   91  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(vallist.obj)  server
Error   92  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(field_names.obj)  server
Error   93  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(query.obj)    server
Error   94  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(dbdriver.obj) server
Error   95  error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void __cdecl std::_String_base::_Xlen(void)" (?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ) D:\server\mysqlpp.lib(tcp_connection.obj)   server

VS2012标准库定义的运行时符号与VS2008提供的符号是否不同？

- chillitom

Answer 1

今日免费次数已满, 请开通会员/明日再来

/NODEFAULTLIB[:library]

如果在VS2008上构建时无法这样做，那么你就没有运气了。基本上你需要做的是摆脱标准库，从而将解决它们的任务委托给稍后使用生成的静态.lib的链接器。

我应该补充一点，你还需要确保只使用接收方库知道的功能。

- 0xC0000022L

Answer 2

微软有时会更改标准库函数的实现。我刚刚遇到了一个类似的问题，即 std::_String_base::_Xran() 和 Xlen 的调用约定已从 thiscall 更改为 cdecl。你必须找出不同版本之间发生了什么。然后可以通过导出具有所需调用约定和名称修饰的包装函数并重定向到新的实现来解决此问题。

#include <string>

namespace std2008
{
class _String_base_2008
{ 
    public:
        __declspec(dllexport) void _Xlen2008(void) const; 
        __declspec(dllexport) void _Xran2008(void) const; 
};
};

void std2008::_String_base_2008::_Xran2008 () const
{
    std::_String_base::_Xran ();
}

void std2008::_String_base_2008::_Xlen2008 () const
{
    std::_String_base::_Xlen ();
}

将此代码保存为"compat.cpp"并使用编译器进行编译

cl /D_DLL_EXPORT /EHsc /LD compat.cpp /link

现在让我们来检查已创建的lib文件：

dumpbin /exports compat.lib

在我的情况下，它看起来像这样：

Dump of file compat.lib

File Type: LIBRARY

     Exports

       ordinal    name

                  ?_Xlen2008@_String_base_2008@std2008@@QBEXXZ (public: void __thiscall std2008::_String_base_2008::_Xlen2008(void)const )
                  ?_Xran2008@_String_base_2008@std2008@@QBEXXZ (public: void __thiscall std2008::_String_base_2008::_Xran2008(void)const )

当查看有关缺少符号的链接器错误时，您会看到所需的修饰。在您的情况下，它是“?_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ”和“?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ”

最后一步是告诉链接器创建一个库，将标准修饰名称映射到使用来自链接器错误的符号和从dumpbin获取的名称的另一个名称。

cl /EHsc /LD compat.cpp /link /export:_Xran@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ=?_Xran2008@_String_base_2008@std2008@@QBEXXZ /export:?_Xlen@_String_base@std@@SAXXZ=?_Xlen2008@_String_base_2008@std2008@@QBEXXZ

对于链接器报错的所有函数，都必须进行类似的重定向。

现在将“compat.lib”库作为附加库添加到您的项目中，然后它应该可以成功链接。

- Alatun