如何在Android PreferenceActivity中创建偏好设置头组?

26

我正在使用偏好设置头创建设置活动,使用PreferenceActivity。我试图将这些标题分为类别/组,就像这个(有无线和网络、设备、个人等类别):

无论如何,即使Android Developers网站也是关于这种方式创建偏好设置活动的,我也找不到如何创建与他们在图片中拥有的相同偏好设置活动的方法。我唯一能够做到的是偏好设置头的简单列表。

我唯一发现的是这个,但那个工作有点奇怪。所以那似乎不是一个选项。

因此我的问题是:如何使用偏好设置头创建偏好设置活动,并将标题分成类别,并具有使用主开/关切换的可能性?

我的一些代码:

preference_headers.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<preference-headers xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <header 
        android:fragment="cz.vse.myevents.activity.SettingsActivity$EventsFragment"
        android:title="@string/settings_events"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_agenda" />
    <header 
        android:fragment="cz.vse.myevents.activity.SettingsActivity$OrganizationsFragment"
        android:title="@string/settings_subscribed_organizations"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"  />
</preference-headers>

设置活动:

@Override
public void onBuildHeaders(List<Header> target) {
    super.onBuildHeaders(target);
    loadHeadersFromResource(R.xml.preference_headers, target);
}

我不会发布片段资源,认为这是不必要的。

5个回答

10

这是首选项类别的示例,您可以使用首选项类别并设置相应的片段来实现此功能。如果我误解了您的情况,请告诉我。

这是示例布局。

<PreferenceCategory android:title="Heading1">
        <Preference 
            android:title="title1"
            android:summary="summary1"
            android:key="keyName"/>

       <Preference 
            android:title="title2"
            android:summary="summary2"
            android:key="keyName"/>
</PreferenceCategory>

<PreferenceCategory android:title="Heading2">
        <Preference 
            android:title="title3"
            android:summary="summary3"
            android:key="keyName"/>
</PreferenceCategory>

这将在片段(属性窗格)内创建标题。问题是关于在标题部分(由loadHeadersFromResource创建)创建标题。 - vbence

5
似乎最好的解决方案是创建三个不同的代码块 - 一个用于Honeycomb之前,一个用于Honeycomb之后,另一个用于平板电脑。
Preference headers在平板电脑上有效,因此它们仅保留在平板电脑上。这里不需要分组。 post-Honeycomb上的Preference headers有点无用,因此最好使用典型的 PreferenceScreen PreferenceFragment 中。PreferenceCategory可以轻松制作组。
最后,对于pre-Honeycomb,没有使用 PrefrenceFragment 的弃用方式是唯一的方式。
遗憾的是存在大量的代码重复,但是Leandros在回答中提到的 UnifiedPreference 库存在缺陷-它完全忽略了 PreferenceFragment ,因此它是无用的(至少对我来说)。

请查看我在此处的回答 https://dev59.com/3W435IYBdhLWcg3wnBZ8#20806812,关于减少代码重复的问题。 - Eric Woodruff

2
为了进一步说明 T. Folsom 的回答,这是我的实现:

res/layout/preference_header_item.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="?android:attr/activatedBackgroundIndicator"
    android:baselineAligned="false"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:minHeight="48dp"
    android:paddingRight="?android:attr/scrollbarSize" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="@dimen/header_icon_width"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="6dip"
        android:layout_marginRight="6dip" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/icon"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="0dip"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="6dip"
        android:layout_marginLeft="2dip"
        android:layout_marginRight="6dip"
        android:layout_marginTop="6dip"
        android:layout_weight="1" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+android:id/title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ellipsize="marquee"
            android:fadingEdge="horizontal"
            android:singleLine="true"
            android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

       <TextView
            android:id="@+android:id/summary"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@android:id/title"
            android:ellipsize="end"
            android:maxLines="2"
            android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall" />
    </RelativeLayout>

</LinearLayout>

res/values/dimens.xml

<resources>

    <dimen name="header_icon_width">28dp</dimen>

</resources>

在您的PreferenceActivity类中:
    @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    if (savedInstanceState != null) {
        /*
         *  the headers must be restored before the super call in order
         *  to be ready for the call to setListAdapter() 
         */
        if (savedInstanceState.containsKey("headers")) {
            setHeaders((ArrayList<Header>)savedInstanceState.getSerializable("headers"));
        }
    }

    // as suggest by https://dev59.com/Cm_Xa4cB1Zd3GeqP6_Z5
    if(onIsMultiPane()) getIntent().putExtra(PreferenceActivity.EXTRA_SHOW_FRAGMENT, PreferencesFragment.class.getName());

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    ...

}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();

    // https://dev59.com/Cm_Xa4cB1Zd3GeqP6_Z5
    // Select the displayed fragment in the headers (when using a tablet) :
    // This should be done by Android, it is a bug fix
    if(getHeaders() != null) {

        final String displayedFragment = getIntent().getStringExtra(EXTRA_SHOW_FRAGMENT);
        if (displayedFragment != null) {
            for (final Header header : getHeaders()) {
                if (displayedFragment.equals(header.fragment)) {
                    switchToHeader(header);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ...

}

/**
 * Populate the activity with the top-level headers.
 */
@Override
public void onBuildHeaders(List<Header> target) {
    // we have to save the headers as the API call getHeaders() is hidden.
    setHeaders(target);
    loadHeadersFromResource(R.xml.settings_headers, target);
}

private List<Header> headers;

private void setHeaders(List<Header> headers) {
    this.headers = headers;
}

private List<Header> getHeaders() {
    return headers;
}

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    outState.putSerializable("headers", (ArrayList<PreferenceActivity.Header>)headers);
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

@Override
public void setListAdapter(ListAdapter adapter) {
    if (adapter == null) {
        super.setListAdapter(null);
    } else {
        super.setListAdapter(new HeaderAdapter(this, getHeaders()));
    }
}

private static class HeaderAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Header> {
    static final int HEADER_TYPE_CATEGORY = 0;
    static final int HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL = 1;
    private static final int HEADER_TYPE_COUNT = HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL + 1;

    private static class HeaderViewHolder {
        ImageView icon;
        TextView title;
        TextView summary;
    }

    private LayoutInflater mInflater;

    static int getHeaderType(Header header) {
        if (header.fragment == null && header.intent == null) {
            return HEADER_TYPE_CATEGORY;
        } else {
            return HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        Header header = getItem(position);
        return getHeaderType(header);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
        return false; // because of categories
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled(int position) {
        return getItemViewType(position) != HEADER_TYPE_CATEGORY;
    }

    @Override
    public int getViewTypeCount() {
        return HEADER_TYPE_COUNT;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasStableIds() {
        return true;
    }

    public HeaderAdapter(Context context, List<Header> objects) {
        super(context, 0, objects);

        mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context
                .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        HeaderViewHolder holder;
        Header header = getItem(position);
        int headerType = getHeaderType(header);
        View view = null;

        if (convertView == null) {
            holder = new HeaderViewHolder();
            switch (headerType) {
            case HEADER_TYPE_CATEGORY:
                view = new TextView(getContext(), null,
                        android.R.attr.listSeparatorTextViewStyle);
                holder.title = (TextView) view;
                break;

            case HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL:
                view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.preference_header_item,
                        parent, false);
                holder.icon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.icon);
                holder.title = (TextView) view
                        .findViewById(android.R.id.title);
                holder.summary = (TextView) view
                        .findViewById(android.R.id.summary);
                break;
            }
            view.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            holder = (HeaderViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }

        // All view fields must be updated every time, because the view may
        // be recycled
        switch (headerType) {
        case HEADER_TYPE_CATEGORY:
            holder.title.setText(header.getTitle(getContext()
                    .getResources()));
            break;
        case HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL:
            holder.icon.setImageResource(header.iconRes);
            holder.title.setText(header.getTitle(getContext()
                    .getResources()));
            CharSequence summary = header.getSummary(getContext()
                    .getResources());
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(summary)) {
                holder.summary.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                holder.summary.setText(summary);
            } else {
                holder.summary.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            }
            break;
        }

        return view;
    }

}

有了所有这些代码,创建标题就非常简单:
<preference-headers xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
     <header android:title="atitle" />
</preference-headers>

希望这能帮助到某个人。我知道让它正常工作花费了我一些时间。

1
这其实非常简单。根据我的发现,根PreferenceActivity本身不支持添加类别/部分标题,似乎你只能添加Header,这并不是很有趣。
因此,你首先需要做的是不要在PreferenceActivity中进行任何繁重的工作,直接加载PreferenceFragment
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setTitle("Settings");

    // Display the fragment as the main content.
    getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
            .replace(android.R.id.content, new PreferencesFragment())
            .commit();

}

public static class PreferencesFragment extends PreferenceFragment {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.prefs);
    }
}

一旦完成这个步骤,你现在可以在你的PreferenceFragment中完成所有的工作,好消息是你现在可以使用分类了
你的R.xml.prefs文件应该长这样:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <PreferenceCategory
        android:summary="Login credentials"
        android:title="Login credentials" >
        <EditTextPreference
            android:key="username"
            android:summary="Username"
            android:title="Username" />
        <EditTextPreference
            android:key="password"
            android:summary="Password"
            android:title="Password" />
    </PreferenceCategory>

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:summary="Settings"
        android:title="Settings" >
        <CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="persist"
            android:summary="Yes/No"
            android:title="Keep me signed in" />

    </PreferenceCategory>
</PreferenceScreen>

只需为您希望添加的每个新类别创建一个PreferenceCategory即可。

-2
AOSP settings_headers.xml 的实现:
<preference-headers
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">


    <!-- WIRELESS and NETWORKS -->
    <header android:title="@string/header_category_wireless_networks" />

    <!-- Wifi -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/wifi_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.wifi.WifiSettings"
        android:title="@string/wifi_settings_title"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_wireless" />

    <!-- Bluetooth -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/bluetooth_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.bluetooth.BluetoothSettings"
        android:title="@string/bluetooth_settings_title"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_bluetooth2" />

    <!-- Data Usage -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/data_usage_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DataUsageSummary"
        android:title="@string/data_usage_summary_title"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_data_usage" />

    <!-- Operator hook -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings"
        android:id="@+id/operator_settings">
        <intent android:action="com.android.settings.OPERATOR_APPLICATION_SETTING" />
    </header>

    <!-- Other wireless and network controls -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/wireless_settings"
        android:title="@string/radio_controls_title"
        android:breadCrumbTitle="@string/wireless_networks_settings_title"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/empty_icon" />

   <!-- Ethernet -->
   <header
        android:id="@+id/ethernet_settings"
        android:title="@string/eth_radio_ctrl_title"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_ethernet"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.ethernet.EthernetSettings"/>

    <!-- DEVICE -->
    <header android:title="@string/header_category_device" />

    <!-- Sound -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/sound_settings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_sound"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.SoundSettings"
        android:title="@string/sound_settings" />

    <!-- Display -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/display_settings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_display"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DisplaySettings"
        android:title="@string/display_settings" />

    <!-- Storage -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/storage_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.deviceinfo.Memory"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_storage"
        android:title="@string/storage_settings" />

    <!-- Battery -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/battery_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.fuelgauge.PowerUsageSummary"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_battery"
        android:title="@string/power_usage_summary_title" />

    <!-- Application Settings -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.applications.ManageApplications"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_applications"
        android:title="@string/applications_settings"
        android:id="@+id/application_settings" />

    <!-- TEMPORARY FACTORY STARTER WILL BE REMOVED WITH UPDATED SETTINGS -->
    <header
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_applications"
        android:title="Factory"
        android:id="@+id/application_settings" >
        <intent android:action="android.intent.action.MAIN"
                android:targetPackage="com.jamdeo.tv.sample.factory"
                android:targetClass="com.jamdeo.tv.sample.factory.TvFactoryMainActivity" />
    </header>

    <!-- Manufacturer hook -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings"
        android:id="@+id/manufacturer_settings">
        <intent android:action="com.android.settings.MANUFACTURER_APPLICATION_SETTING" />
    </header>


    <!-- PERSONAL -->
    <header android:title="@string/header_category_personal" />

    <!-- Data Sync. The settings activity will ensure this is resolved to an
         activity on the system image, otherwise it will remove this
         preference. -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.accounts.ManageAccountsSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_sync"
        android:title="@string/sync_settings"
        android:id="@+id/sync_settings" />

    <!-- Location -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.LocationSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_location"
        android:title="@string/location_settings_title"
        android:id="@+id/location_settings" />

    <!-- Security -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.SecuritySettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_security"
        android:title="@string/security_settings_title"
        android:id="@+id/security_settings" />

    <!-- Language -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/language_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.inputmethod.InputMethodAndLanguageSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_language"
        android:title="@string/language_settings" />

    <!-- Backup and reset -->
    <header
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.PrivacySettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_backup"
        android:title="@string/privacy_settings"
        android:id="@+id/privacy_settings" />


    <!-- SYSTEM -->
    <header android:title="@string/header_category_system" />

    <!-- Dock -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/dock_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DockSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_dock"
        android:title="@string/dock_settings" />

    <!-- Date & Time -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/date_time_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DateTimeSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_date_time"
        android:title="@string/date_and_time_settings_title" />

    <!-- Accessibility feedback -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/accessibility_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.AccessibilitySettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_accessibility"
        android:title="@string/accessibility_settings" />

    <!-- Development -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/development_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DevelopmentSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_development"
        android:title="@string/development_settings_title" />

    <!-- About Device -->
    <header
        android:id="@+id/about_settings"
        android:fragment="com.android.settings.DeviceInfoSettings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_about"
        android:title="@string/about_settings" />

</preference-headers>

只需使用带有android:title属性的<header>即可。


3
无效 - 只是创建了另一个没有任何作用的标头,也没有显示任何分组。我认为在你的示例中缺少一些编程内容。 - Erveron
我查看了设置活动的源代码,你需要做很多工作才能获得相同的结果。我最终代理了设置的适配器,并为我的标题返回了不同的视图。 - rekire
正如@James所提到的,它不起作用。不要浪费你的时间。 - tomrozb
我认为最好的解决方案是不使用标题,仅适用于平板电脑。 - André Luiz Reis

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