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将XML文件转换为R数据框

rxmldataframe
4
在MacOS 10.12.1上使用R Studio 1.0.44。
这是我第一次处理xml文件，我遇到了很多麻烦。 我想把我的xml文件转换成一个r数据框，它看起来像这样：
Date    househouldid    memberid    session begin   end
11/1/15 4FDYT14A1Q             1      235   49448   49453
11/1/15 4FDYT14A1Q             1    1010001 49453   49463
11/1/15 4FDYT14A1Q             1    1010475 49463   49468

我只想在数据框中保留日期、家庭ID、成员ID、会话、开始和结束。我尝试了...
xmldataframe<-xmlToDataFrame("DQA_audxml_20150105_EN.xml")
print(xmldataframe)

并得到了这个...

目的地 成员 常客 临时客人 电视机 家庭设备

这是 XML 文件的一部分（由于字符限制，我无法提供全部内容）。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<households date="2015-01-05" creation_date="2015-01-11T04:22:35" xmlns:s="http://www.mediametrie.fr/nge/schemas" xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan">
  <household id="95D7N14AFA">
    <destinations />
    <members>
      <member id="1">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="2">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="3">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
    </members>
    <regular_guests />
    <occasional_guests />
    <tvsets>
      <tvset id="1">
        <tvset_process result="OK">
          <tvset_audience />
          <alarms>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="149" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-05T03:34:23" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.35116898148148146" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="150" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-05T05:28:34" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.02806712962962963" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="151" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-05T08:22:46" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.07322916666666666" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="152" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-05T14:32:43" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.004803240740740742" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="153" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-05T18:30:47" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.0012384259259259258" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_T_P_VALID_LAST_HOUR_REBOOT" rule_id="T_P_METER_STOPPING_TIMESTAMPING">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="154" />
                <parameter name="reboot_date" value="2015-01-06T02:52:01" />
                <parameter name="length" value="0.33817129629629633" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
          </alarms>
        </tvset_process>
      </tvset>
    </tvsets>
    <household_process result="OK" vacation="no">
      <alarms />
    </household_process>
  </household>
  <household id="ISDPN14ASG">
    <destinations />
    <members>
      <member id="1">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="2">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="3">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="4">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="5">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
    </members>
    <regular_guests />
    <occasional_guests />
    <tvsets>
      <tvset id="1">
        <tvset_process result="KO">
          <tvset_audience />
          <alarms>
            <alarm id="AL_R_P_EVENT_CHRONOLOGY" rule_id="R_P_EVENT_CHRONOLOGY">
              <parameters>
                <parameter name="unique_id" value="16195" />
              </parameters>
            </alarm>
            <alarm id="AL_PROCESS_STOP" rule_id="R_P_EVENT_CHRONOLOGY">
              <parameters />
            </alarm>
          </alarms>
        </tvset_process>
      </tvset>
    </tvsets>
    <household_process result="KO" vacation="no">
      <alarms>
        <alarm id="AL_T_FP_HOUSEHOLD_ABS_DECLARATION" rule_id="T_FP_HOUSEHOLD_ABS_DECLARATION">
          <parameters />
        </alarm>
        <alarm id="AL_R_FP_NO_TVSET_KO" rule_id="R_FP_NO_TVSET_KO">
          <parameters>
            <parameter name="tvset_id" value="1" />
          </parameters>
        </alarm>
        <alarm id="AL_R_FP_AT_LEAST_ONE_TVSET_OK" rule_id="R_FP_AT_LEAST_ONE_TVSET_OK">
          <parameters />
        </alarm>
      </alarms>
    </household_process>
  </household>
  <household id="4FDYT14A1Q">
    <destinations />
    <members>
      <member id="1">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="2">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience>
            <individual_audience_tvset id="1">
              <channel session="1010497" begin="46722" end="46738" />
              <channel session="48" begin="46738" end="46743" />
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            </individual_audience_tvset>
          </individual_audience>
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="3">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience>
            <individual_audience_tvset id="1">
              <channel session="1010493" begin="54476" end="54490" />
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            </individual_audience_tvset>
          </individual_audience>
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
      <member id="4">
        <member_process result="OK" vacation="undefined">
          <individual_audience />
          <alarms />
        </member_process>
      </member>
    </members>
    <regular_guests />
    <occasional_guests />
    <tvsets>
      <tvset id="1">
        <tvset_process result="OK">
          <tvset_audience>
            <channel session="1010497" begin="46708" end="46738" />
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            <channel session="1010354" begin="67553" end="67563" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="67563" end="67658" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="67658" end="67713" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="67713" end="67733" />
            <channel session="1010367" begin="67733" end="67803" />
            <channel session="48" begin="67803" end="68018" />
            <channel session="1010367" begin="68018" end="70963" />
            <channel session="1010383" begin="70963" end="71048" />
            <channel session="1010367" begin="71048" end="71848" />
            <channel session="1010383" begin="71848" end="72023" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="72023" end="72043" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="72043" end="72068" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="72068" end="72083" />
            <channel session="47" begin="72083" end="72098" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="72098" end="73643" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="73643" end="73668" />
            <channel session="1010354" begin="73668" end="73683" />
            <channel session="1010383" begin="73683" end="73693" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="73693" end="73708" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="73708" end="73748" />
            <channel session="235" begin="73748" end="73753" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="73753" end="73763" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="73763" end="74323" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="74323" end="74363" />
            <channel session="1010354" begin="74363" end="74378" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="74378" end="74443" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="74443" end="74453" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="74453" end="74883" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="74883" end="74938" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="74938" end="74953" />
            <channel session="47" begin="74953" end="75603" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="75603" end="77673" />
            <channel session="1010383" begin="77673" end="79208" />
            <channel session="1010354" begin="79208" end="79228" />
            <channel session="235" begin="79228" end="79233" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="79233" end="79603" />
            <channel session="1010072" begin="79603" end="80088" />
            <channel session="1010497" begin="80088" end="80238" />
            <channel session="1010499" begin="80238" end="80253" />
            <channel session="235" begin="80253" end="80258" />
1
这与https://dev59.com/65zha4cB1Zd3GeqPKcpP#40790195非常相似。使用标记为(2)的解决方案，而不是在“//test”上循环，在“//channel”上循环获取其“session”，“begin”和“end”属性。通过其祖先回溯以获取其“member”节点祖先的“id”属性，“household”节点祖先的“id”属性和“households”节点祖先的“date”属性。或者，通过更多的工作，您可以遵循标记为(1)的更快速的解决方案。 - G. Grothendieck
谢谢Grothendieck! - J. Collins
2个回答
2

这只需要勤力和熟悉XML结构。相对较新的purrr包在此非常有用。但是，我认为您的问题还是有点模糊，缺少有效的XML文件更是一个大问题：

library(xml2)
library(purrr)
library(dplyr)

hh <- read_xml("~/data/so.xml")

xml_find_all(hh, ".//household") %>% 
  map_df(function(x) {
    id <- xml_attr(x, "id")
    members <- xml_find_all(x, ".//member")
    map_df(members, function(y) {
      channel_sessions <- xml_find_all(y, ".//channel")
      if (length(channel_sessions) == 0) {
        NULL
      } else {
        xml_attrs(channel_sessions) %>% 
          map_df(as.list) %>% 
          mutate(memberid=xml_attr(y, "id"),
                 household=id)
      }
    })
  }) %>% 
  mutate(date=xml_find_first(hh, "//households") %>% 
           xml_attr("creation_date") %>% 
           as.Date())
## # A tibble: 176 × 6
##    session begin   end memberid  household       date
##      <chr> <chr> <chr>    <chr>      <chr>     <date>
## 1  1010497 46722 46738        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 2       48 46738 46743        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 3      235 46743 46748        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 4       47 46748 46753        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 5  1010383 46753 46973        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 6  1010497 46973 46983        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 7  1010319 46983 46993        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 8  1010072 46993 47578        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 9  1010499 47578 47618        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## 10      47 47618 47633        2 4FDYT14A1Q 2015-01-11
## # ... with 166 more rows
0

如果标题中包含transform和xml这两个词，那么可以考虑使用XSLT，这是一种专门设计用于将源XML文件转换为最终使用需求（例如导入到R数据框架）的语言。现在面临的挑战是R没有专门的库来运行XSLT。

尽管如此，R可以调用命令行来调用外部处理器（甚至是其他语言，如Python、PHP、Java等）来将输入转换为输出。以下是两个版本：Windows版本（使用Powershell调用XslCompiledTransform）和Linux/Mac版本（使用xsltproc通常安装在大多数发行版上）：

XSLT脚本（保存为.xsl，一个格式良好的xml文件）

<xsl:transform xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
 <xsl:output version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" />
 <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

  <xsl:template match="/households">   
   <xsl:copy>
     <xsl:apply-templates select="household"/>
   </xsl:copy>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="household|members|member|member_process|individual_audience|individual_audience_tvset">
    <xsl:apply-templates/>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="channel">
    <tvset>
      <date><xsl:value-of select="ancestor::households/@date"/></date>
      <household_id><xsl:value-of select="ancestor::household/@id"/></household_id>
      <member_id><xsl:value-of select="ancestor::member/@id"/></member_id>
      <session><xsl:value-of select="@session"/></session>
      <begin><xsl:value-of select="@begin"/></begin>
      <end><xsl:value-of select="@end"/></end>
    </tvset>    
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="tvsets"/>   
</xsl:transform>

PowerShell 脚本 （保存为 .ps1 文件，仅适用于 Windows）

param ($xml, $xsl, $output)

if (-not $xml -or -not $xsl -or -not $output) {
    Write-Host "& .\xslt.ps1 [-xml] xml-input [-xsl] xsl-input [-output] transform-output"
    exit;
}

trap [Exception]{
    Write-Host $_.Exception;
}

$xslt = New-Object System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform;
$xslt.Load($xsl);
$xslt.Transform($xml, $output);

Write-Host "generated" $output;

R (Windows)

library(XML)

system(paste0('Powershell.exe -File',
              ' "C:\\Path\\To\\PowerShell\\Script.ps1"',
              ' "C:\\Path\\To\\Input.xml"',
              ' "C:\\Path\\To\\XSLT\\Script.xsl"', 
              ' "C:\\Path\\To\\Output.xml"'))

df <- xmlToDataFrame("C:\\Path\\To\\Output.xml")

head(df, 10)
#          date household_id member_id session begin   end
# 1  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010497 46722 46738
# 2  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2      48 46738 46743
# 3  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2     235 46743 46748
# 4  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2      47 46748 46753
# 5  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010383 46753 46973
# 6  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010497 46973 46983
# 7  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010319 46983 46993
# 8  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010072 46993 47578
# 9  2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2 1010499 47578 47618
# 10 2015-01-05   4FDYT14A1Q         2      47 47618 47633

R (Linux/Mac)

library(XML)

system('xsltproc /path/to/XSLT_Script.xsl /path/to/Input.xml -o path/to/Output.xml')

df <- xmlToDataFrame("path/to/Output.xml")
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