使用 boost::multi_array。
与您的示例一样,您只需要在编译时知道维数即可。以下是文档中的第一个示例:
#include "boost/multi_array.hpp"
#include <cassert>
int
main () {
typedef boost::multi_array<double, 3> array_type;
typedef array_type::index index;
array_type A(boost::extents[3][4][2]);
int values = 0;
for(index i = 0; i != 3; ++i)
for(index j = 0; j != 4; ++j)
for(index k = 0; k != 2; ++k)
A[i][j][k] = values++;
int verify = 0;
for(index i = 0; i != 3; ++i)
for(index j = 0; j != 4; ++j)
for(index k = 0; k != 2; ++k)
assert(A[i][j][k] == verify++);
return 0;
}
编辑:根据评论中的建议,这里有一个“简单”的示例应用程序,允许您在运行时定义多维数组大小,并从控制台输入询问。
以下是此示例应用程序的示例输出(编译时使用常量表示为3个维度):
Multi-Array test!
Please enter the size of the dimension 0 : 4
Please enter the size of the dimension 1 : 6
Please enter the size of the dimension 2 : 2
Text matrix with 3 dimensions of size (4,6,2) have been created.
Ready!
Type 'help' for the command list.
>read 0.0.0
Text at (0,0,0) :
""
>write 0.0.0 "This is a nice test!"
Text "This is a nice test!" written at position (0,0,0)
>read 0.0.0
Text at (0,0,0) :
"This is a nice test!"
>write 0,0,1 "What a nice day!"
Text "What a nice day!" written at position (0,0,1)
>read 0.0.0
Text at (0,0,0) :
"This is a nice test!"
>read 0.0.1
Text at (0,0,1) :
"What a nice day!"
>write 3,5,1 "This is the last text!"
Text "This is the last text!" written at position (3,5,1)
>read 3,5,1
Text at (3,5,1) :
"This is the last text!"
>exit
代码中重要的部分是主函数,在该函数中,我们从用户那里获取尺寸,并创建一个包含:
const unsigned int DIMENSION_COUNT = 3;
typedef boost::multi_array< std::string , DIMENSION_COUNT > TextMatrix;
typedef std::tr1::array<TextMatrix::index, DIMENSION_COUNT> Position;
bool process_command( const std::string& entry, TextMatrix& text_matrix );
void display_position( const Position& position );
int main()
{
std::cout << "Multi-Array test!" << std::endl;
Position dimensions;
for( int dimension_idx = 0; dimension_idx < DIMENSION_COUNT; ++dimension_idx )
{
std::cout << "Please enter the size of the dimension "<< dimension_idx <<" : ";
std::cin >> dimensions[dimension_idx];
std::cout << std::endl;
}
TextMatrix text_matrix( dimensions );
std::cout << "Text matrix with " << DIMENSION_COUNT << " dimensions of size ";
display_position( dimensions );
std::cout << " have been created."<< std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "Ready!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Type 'help' for the command list." << std::endl;
std::cin.sync();
bool wants_to_exit = false;
while( !wants_to_exit )
{
std::cout << std::endl << ">" ;
std::tr1::array< char, 256 > entry_buffer;
std::cin.getline(entry_buffer.data(), entry_buffer.size());
const std::string entry( entry_buffer.data() );
wants_to_exit = process_command( entry, text_matrix );
}
return 0;
}
你可以看到,要访问数组中的一个元素非常容易:只需像以下函数一样使用操作符():
void write_in_text_matrix( TextMatrix& text_matrix, const Position& position, const std::string& text )
{
text_matrix( position ) = text;
std::cout << "Text \"" << text << "\" written at position ";
display_position( position );
std::cout << std::endl;
}
void read_from_text_matrix( const TextMatrix& text_matrix, const Position& position )
{
const std::string& text = text_matrix( position );
std::cout << "Text at ";
display_position(position);
std::cout << " : "<< std::endl;
std::cout << " \"" << text << "\"" << std::endl;
}
注意:我是在VC9 + SP1中编译此应用程序的,只得到了一些容易被忽略的警告。