SQL Server:计算日期范围

3

我想获取从上一年的这个月初到上一年的今天的日期范围。有没有简化这段代码的方法?

SELECT 'From the beginning of month to this day, previous year' AS Label,
       CONVERT (DATETIME, CAST (DATEPART(YY, GETDATE()) - 1 AS CHAR (4)) + CASE 
                                                                           WHEN DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) < 10 THEN '-0' + CAST (DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (1)) ELSE '-' + CAST (DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (2)) 
                                                                           END + '-01') AS Begin_date,
       CONVERT (DATETIME, CAST (DATEPART(YY, GETDATE()) - 1 AS CHAR (4)) + CASE 
                                                                           WHEN DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) < 10 THEN '-0' + CAST (DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (1)) ELSE '-' + CAST (DATEPART(MM, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (2)) 
                                                                           END + CASE 
                                                                                 WHEN DATEPART(DD, GETDATE()) < 10 THEN '-0' + CAST (DATEPART(DD, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (1)) ELSE '-' + CAST (DATEPART(DD, GETDATE()) AS CHAR (2)) 
                                                                                 END) AS End_date

开始日期应该是“20100401”? - Longha
5个回答

9
SELECT  'Anything' as Label
        ,DATEADD(month, DATEDIFF(month, 0, GETDATE()), 0) as firstdaythismonth
        ,DATEADD(day, DATEDIFF(day, 0, GETDATE()), 0) as today
        ,DATEADD(year, -1, DATEADD(month, DATEDIFF(month, 0, GETDATE()), 0)) as firstdaythismonth_lastyear
        ,DATEADD(year, -1, DATEADD(day, DATEDIFF(day, 0, GETDATE()), 0)) as today_lastyear

1
+1:在我看来,使用DateAdd和DateDiff比Convert更好。它可以提供一种一致且灵活的方法。 - MatBailie
@Dems:谢谢,这也是我的观点。 - Johan

5
SELECT 
     DATEADD(yy, -1, CONVERT(VARCHAR(25),
     DATEADD(dd,-(DAY(GETDATE())-1),GETDATE()),101)) AS Date_Value,
     'First Day of Current Month Of Last Year' AS Date_Type
UNION
SELECT 
     DATEADD(yy, -1, GETDATE()) AS TodayLastYear, 'Today Last Year'

或者,如果你只想要值而不需要描述信息。
SELECT 
     DATEADD(yy, -1, CONVERT(VARCHAR(25),
     DATEADD(dd,-(DAY(GETDATE())-1),GETDATE()),101))
UNION
SELECT 
     DATEADD(yy, -1, GETDATE()) AS TodayLastYear

你可以使用DATEADD函数并指定yy来减去年份,只需使用负值即可。
我还会分享一组常用的日期函数,你只需要将它们创建为一个表值函数即可:
set ANSI_NULLS ON
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
go

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udfCommonDates] (@date datetime)
RETURNS @t table (week_start datetime,
                  week_end datetime,
                  lastweek_start datetime,
                  lastweek_end datetime,
                  month_start datetime,
                  month_end datetime,
                  lastmonth_start datetime,
                  lastmonth_end datetime,
                  yesterday_start datetime,
                  yesterday_end datetime,
                  today_start datetime,
                  today_end datetime,
                  thisweek_monday_start datetime,
                  thisweek_monday_end datetime,
                  year_start datetime,
                  year_end datetime,
                  tomorrow_noon datetime,
                  today_noon datetime,
                  date_only datetime)
BEGIN
   INSERT @t
   SELECT
   dbo.get_week_start ( @date ) AS week_start,
   dbo.get_week_end   ( @date ) AS week_end,
   dbo.get_week_start ( DATEADD(d, -7, @date ) ) AS lastweek_start,
   dbo.get_week_end   ( DATEADD(d, -7, @date ) ) AS lastweek_end,
   dbo.get_month_start( @date ) AS month_start,
   dbo.get_month_end  ( @date ) AS month_end,
   dbo.get_month_start ( DATEADD(m,-1, @date) ) AS lastmonth_start,
   dbo.get_month_end  ( DATEADD(m,-1,@date) ) AS lastmonth_end,
   dbo.get_yesterday_start ( @date ) AS yesterday_start,
   dbo.get_yesterday_end ( @date ) AS yesterday_end,
   dbo.get_today_start (@date) AS today_start,
   dbo.get_today_end ( @date ) AS today_end,
   dbo.get_weekday_start(1,@date) AS thisweek_monday_start,
   dbo.get_weekday_end(1,@date) AS thisweek_monday_end,
   dbo.get_year_start(@date) AS year_start,
   dbo.get_year_end(@date) AS year_end,  
   dbo.get_tomorrow_noon(@date) AS TomorrowNoon,
   dbo.get_today_noon(@date) AS TodayNoon,
   dbo.get_date_only(@date) AS DateOnly
RETURN
END

以下是这些函数的标量值:

    CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_date_only] (@date datetime)
    RETURNS datetime
    WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
    AS    
    BEGIN
        RETURN dateadd(day, DateDiff(day, 0, GetDate()), 0)
    END
    GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_month_end] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    
BEGIN
   RETURN dateadd(ms, -3, dateadd (m,datediff(m,0,
          dateadd(m,1,@date)),0))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_month_start] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    
BEGIN
   RETURN dateadd(m,datediff(m,0, @date),0)
   END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_today_end] (@today datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    
BEGIN
   return dateadd(ms, -3, datediff(d,0,dateadd(d,1,@today)))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_today_noon](@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   RETURN DATEADD(hh, 12, DATEADD(d,DATEDIFF(d,0, @date),0))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_today_start] (@today datetime)
RETURNS datetime 
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(day, 0, datediff(d,0,@today))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_tomorrow_noon](@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   RETURN DATEADD(hh, 12, DATEADD(d,DATEDIFF(d,-1, @date),0))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_week_end] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(yyyy, datepart(yyyy,
      dateadd(weekday,7-datepart(weekday, @date),@date))-1900, 0)
    + dateadd(ms, -3,
      dateadd(dy, datepart(dy,
     dateadd(weekday,7-datepart(weekday, @date),@date)),0) )
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_week_start] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(yyyy, datepart(yyyy,
      dateadd(weekday,1-datepart(weekday, @date),@date))-1900, 0)
    + dateadd(dy, datepart(dy,
      dateadd(weekday,1-datepart(weekday, @date),@date))-1,0)
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_weekday_end] (@weekday tinyint,
                                 @date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(yyyy, datepart(yyyy,
      dateadd(weekday,@weekday-
      datepart(weekday, @date),@date))-1900, 0)
    + dateadd(ms, -3,
      dateadd(dy, datepart(dy,
      dateadd(weekday,@weekday-datepart(weekday, @date),
                                        @date)),0) )
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_weekday_start] (@weekday tinyint,
                                   @date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(yyyy, datepart(yyyy,
      dateadd(weekday,@weekday-
      datepart(weekday, @date),@date))-1900, 0)
    + dateadd(dy, datepart(dy,
      dateadd(weekday,@weekday-datepart(weekday, @date),
                                        @date))-1,0)
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_year_end] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
RETURN DATEADD(year, DATEDIFF(year, 0, GetDate())+1, 0)-1
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_year_start] (@date datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   RETURN DATEADD(year,DATEDIFF(year,0, @date),0)
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_yesterday_end] (@today datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   return dateadd(ms, -3, datediff(d,0,@today))
END
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[get_yesterday_start] (@today datetime)
RETURNS datetime
WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
AS    BEGIN
   RETURN dateadd(day, -1, datediff(d,0,@today))
END
GO

这对我非常有帮助,因为我在报告服务中使用它来进行日期参数设置。您可以简单地创建一个引用此表函数的数据集,然后在RS中的任何日期时间参数中使用它们。
您可以像这样执行整个表值函数:
SELECT * FROM [MyDB].[dbo].[udfCommonDates] (GetDate())
结果如下所示: enter image description here 对于报告服务人员:
现在我提到了我将这些用于报告服务。现在,报告服务人员可能会想,但这对我有什么帮助,因为我需要一个数据集,而数据集只能基于存储过程或直接表。没问题,创建以下存储过程:
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[uspCommonDates] AS
begin
   set datefirst 1
   declare @date datetime
   set @date = getdate()
   select * from dbo.udfCommonDates(@date)
end

现在你有一个存储过程可以用作数据集...现在在报告服务中添加一个新的数据集: enter image description here 现在进入报告参数部分: enter image description here 现在选择数据集dsFunctions(或者你称呼的任何名称),然后从标量函数中选择任何值字段,如: enter image description here 现在运行报告时它将使用这些标量函数: enter image description here

@JonH - 你的一些函数没有使用输入日期,而是使用了 getdate() - Johan
@Johan - 这很正常,比如你在寻找年底时,使用日历年份的哪一天并不重要。你可以同样使用 @date 来表示那个特定的日期。 - JonH
只是提供信息,它们可能都应该有 WITH SCHEMABINDING, RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT - Martin Smith
@Martin - 根据您的需求进行修改。 - JonH

2
您可以使用DATEADD函数来帮助您:
 SELECT 'From the beginning of month to this day, previous year' AS Label,
DATEADD(YY,-1,DATEADD(DD,-(day(getdate())-1),DATEDIFF(dd, 0, GETDATE()))) AS Begin_date,
DATEADD(YY,-1,DATEDIFF(dd, 0, GETDATE()))  AS End_date

这将为begin_date提供'20110401'。 - Longha

1

对于2010-04-01和2010-04-04,怎么样?

SELECT 
CAST(DATEADD(DAY, -365 + -(DAY(GETDATE())-1), GETDATE()) AS DATE), 
CAST(DATEADD(YEAR, -1, GETDATE()) AS DATE)  

据我所知,对于LYS而言,2月29日会被视作2月28日。 - Alex K.
你的解决方案对于2012年3月至2013年2月无效。试一下,它会说每个月的第一天是第二天。 - Johan
抱歉我并不是要挑剔,但在某些应用程序中,只有一天的偏差就会导致一切失控。在大多数情况下,您的解决方案已经足够好了,这取决于应用程序的状态。我提出这个问题的唯一原因是我曾经看到过使用像365(一年中的天数)这样的常数数字的代码,但问题是我们并不生活在如此完美的世界中 :)。 - JonH
不,你完全正确,我只是写了-day偏移量,并认为在那里再减去365天会更简单,而没有考虑闰年! - Alex K.

1
SELECT  'From the beginning of month to this day, previous year' AS Label,
        CONVERT(DATETIME,LEFT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(6),DATEADD(YEAR,-1,GETDATE()),112),6)+'01') Begin_date,
        DATEADD(YEAR,-1,GETDATE()) End_date

我不喜欢你的解决方案中涉及到的字符串转换/连接/子串以及特定的日期格式。 - Johan

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