我下载了最新版本的Chromium，以测试其无界面特性。
当我运行以下命令（作为root用户，因为我仍在测试）：
./chrome --no-sandbox http://cp7.awardspace.com/speed-test/awardspace-data1mb.zip
./chrome --no-sandbox --headless http://cp7.awardspace.com/speed-test/awardspace-data1mb.zip
终端输出一些信息，没有窗口打开，但是也意味着：我没有将文件下载到任何地方。
我搜索了互联网和讨论组以获取更多信息，但找不到任何内容。
在无头模式下，Chromium的文件下载功能是否不起作用？
使用 ChromeDriverService 和 POST session/{sessionId}/chromium/send_command
POST 请求的 JSON 数据：
{
"cmd": "Page.setDownloadBehavior",
"params": {
"behavior": "allow",
"downloadPath": "C:\\Download\\Path"
}
}
C#解决方案
添加对System.Net.Http的引用，并使用NuGet安装Newtonsoft.JSON。
public static IWebDriver Driver { get; private set; }
public void SetDriver()
{
var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.AddArguments("--headless", "--window-size=1920,1080");
var driverService = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
Driver = new ChromeDriver(driverService, chromeOptions);
Task.Run(() => AllowHeadlessDownload(driverService));
}
static async Task AllowHeadlessDownload(ChromeDriverService driverService )
{
var jsonContent = new JObject(
new JProperty("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior"),
new JProperty("params",
new JObject(new JObject(
new JProperty("behavior", "allow"),
new JProperty("downloadPath", @"C:\Download\Path")))));
var content = new StringContent(jsonContent.ToString(), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
var sessionIdProperty = typeof(ChromeDriver).GetProperty("SessionId");
var sessionId = sessionIdProperty.GetValue(Driver, null) as SessionId;
using (var client = new HttpClient())
{
client.BaseAddress = driverService.ServiceUrl;
var result = await client.PostAsync("session/" + sessionId.ToString() + "/chromium/send_command", content);
var resultContent = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
}
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/usr/local/bin/chromedriver");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--test-type");
options.addArguments("--headless");
options.addArguments("--disable-extensions"); //to disable browser extension popup
ChromeDriverService driverService = ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService();
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverService, options);
Map<String, Object> commandParams = new HashMap<>();
commandParams.put("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior");
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("behavior", "allow");
params.put("downloadPath", "//home//vaibhav//Desktop");
commandParams.put("params", params);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String command = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(commandParams);
String u = driverService.getUrl().toString() + "/session/" + driver.getSessionId() + "/chromium/send_command";
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(u);
request.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(command));
httpClient.execute(request);
driver.get("http://www.seleniumhq.org/download/");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("32 bit Windows IE")).click();
以下代码适用于使用ChromeDriver 2.46的C#
private ChromeDriver GetDriver()
{
var options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArguments("headless");
options.AddUserProfilePreference("download.prompt_for_download", "false");
options.AddUserProfilePreference("download.directory_upgrade", "true");
options.AddUserProfilePreference("download.prompt_for_download", "false");
options.AddUserProfilePreference("safebrowsing.enabled", "false");
options.AddUserProfilePreference("safebrowsing.disable_download_protection", "true");
options.AddArguments("--disable-web-security");
var curr = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
options.AddUserProfilePreference("download.default_directory", curr);
var driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
Log.Info($"Started Chrome Driver with options: {options.ToJsonNoTypes()}");
var param = new Dictionary<string, object>();
param.Add("behavior", "allow");
param.Add("downloadPath", curr);
driver.ExecuteChromeCommand("Page.setDownloadBehavior", param);
return driver;
}
Page.setDownloadBehavior命令，而没有设置其他配置文件首选项。 - Brendan Green我能够通过Chrome远程接口使用Chrome无头浏览器下载文件
public void TryEnableFileDownloading(string downloadPath)
{
TrySendCommand("Page.setDownloadBehavior", new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
["behavior"] = "allow",
["downloadPath"] = downloadPath
});
}
完整的与Selenium集成的代码可以在这里找到 https://github.com/cezarypiatek/Tellurium/blob/master/Src/MvcPages/SeleniumUtils/ChromeRemoteInterface/ChromeRemoteInterface.cs
有关setDownloadBehavior和Chrome远程接口的更多信息 https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#method-setDownloadBehavior
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(URI, FILE);
我今天在Windows 10上使用IdeaJ编辑器、Java和Maven尝试了一下，一切正常：
ChromeOptions ds = getDesiredCapabilities(browserName);
ChromeDriverService driverService = ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService();
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverService, ds);
Map<String, Object> commandParams = new HashMap<>();
commandParams.put("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior");
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("behavior", "allow");
params.put("downloadPath", System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + "Downloads");
commandParams.put("params", params);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String command = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(commandParams);
String u = driverService.getUrl().toString() + "/session/" + driver.getSessionId() + "/chromium/send_command";
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(u);
request.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(command));
httpClient.execute(request);