如何使用winapi crate制作Windows系统的托盘图标？

Question

如何使用winapi crate制作Windows系统的托盘图标？

winapirusttrayicon

6

我正在尝试使用Rust的winapi包制作一个简单的托盘图标。之前我在C中做过，但是我不能让Rust满意。稍后我将包含C代码以展示我想要使用的NOTIFYICONDATA部分的内容。

超级基础目标：

- 让它说话 - 将其设置为默认图标，如下所示 default icon

。这是最简单的；我可以以后弄清其他内置图标。 - 更新文字 - 程序完成时删除它

链接到Rust的winapi库（带搜索功能！）

https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html

我不太了解Windows API，所以对我来说是一种陌生的语言，我只能根据其他示例中找到的语法进行匹配。请不要省略任何内容，因为我可能不知道隐含的内容（例如使用std::或其他内容）！

Rust版本1.3.1
winapi包版本0.3.6
Windows 10

这是我目前编写的Rust代码（但无法正常工作！）：

//-----Import Libraries (called crates)-----
extern crate winapi;
//-----Import Built-in Libraries (not called crates)-----
use std::process::Command; //use cmd.exe
use std::mem::size_of; //get size of stuff

fn main()
{
// to navigate calling with the winapi "crate" use the search function at link
// https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html
let hWnd = unsafe { winapi::um::wincon::GetConsoleWindow }; //gets the current console window handle

//System Tray Icon support - here it is
let WM_MYMESSAGE = winapi::um::winuser::WM_APP + 100; //prep WM_MYMESSAGE
let mut trayToolTip = "Tool tip words here"; //record tooltip words for the icon
let nid = winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAA //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it
{   
    cbSize: size_of::<winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAA>() as u32, //prep
    hWnd: hWnd(), //links the console window
    uID: 1001, //it's a number
    uCallbackMessage: WM_MYMESSAGE, //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
    //Couldn't find anything for WM_MYMESSAGE at all
    hIcon: winapi::um::winuser::LoadIconA(winapi::shared::ntdef::NULL, winapi::um::winuser::IDI_APPLICATION), //icon idk
    szTip: trayToolTip, //tooltip for the icon
    uFlags: winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_MESSAGE | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_ICON | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_TIP, //who knows
};
let nidszTipLength: u64 = szTip.chars().count(); //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length)

winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_ADD, &nid); //shows the icon
let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

nid.szTip: "An updated tooltip is now here!"; //tooltip for the icon
//abs total guess hoping some Python . stuff that I see sometimes in Rust works here and maybe it gets a : instead of a = too
winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_MODIFY, &nid); //updates system tray icon

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_DELETE, &nid); //deletes system tray icon when done

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

}

Cargo.toml需要这个：

[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
winapi = { version = "*", features = ["wincon","shellapi","ntdef"] }

以下是我试图模仿的 C 代码功能（不确定哪些库在哪里需要，因此我将大多数库都包含进去）：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500 //must be before windows.h for mystical reasons such as widnows.h overwrites it with not right thing
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h> // make some system tray stuff go on
#define WM_MYMESSAGE (WM_USER + 1) //for that tray icon

int main()
{
    HWND hWnd = GetConsoleWindow(); // from https://dev59.com/Fmgt5IYBdhLWcg3wygeb via Anthropos

    NOTIFYICONDATA nid; //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it
        nid.cbSize = sizeof(NOTIFYICONDATA); //prep
        nid.hWnd = hWnd; //links the console window
        nid.uID = 1001; //it's a number
        nid.uCallbackMessage = WM_MYMESSAGE; //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
        nid.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //icon idk
        strcpy(nid.szTip, "Tool tip words here"); //tooltip for the icon
        nid.szTip[19] = '\0'; //null at the end of it
        nid.uFlags = NIF_MESSAGE | NIF_ICON | NIF_TIP; //who knows
        size_t nidszTipLength = sizeof(nid.szTip) / sizeof(nid.szTip[0]); //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length)

    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, &nid); //shows the icon

    system("pause");

    strcpy(nid.szTip, "An updated tooltip is now here!"); //tooltip for the icon
    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, &nid); //updates system tray icon
    nid.szTip[31] = '\0'; //null at the end of it

    system("pause");

    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, &nid); //deletes system tray icon when done

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

- user2403531

1

uCallbackMessage = WM_MYMESSAGE 是怎么样的呢？从下面的 C 代码中可以看出，它只是 WM_USER + 1。考虑到窗口是一个控制台，WM_USER + X 应该由窗口类的创建者定义，这可能不是一个明智的选择，但嘿，这只是一个测试，不是吗？ - rodrigo

确实，只是一个测试！我也不知道如何在Rust中实现WM_MYMESSAGE，所以这是计划中的额外问题。似乎WM_USER + X只是一系列私有消息值 - 是否最好将其扔到WM_USER + 10000并避免未来千年的冲突（我看到最大值为7FFF == 32767）？当然，如果我正确理解了模糊的文档。 - user2403531

请查看如何创建 [MCVE]，然后[编辑]您的问题以包含它。您的 Rust 代码 不是语法上有效的。尝试在Rust Playground上生成可以重现错误的内容，或者您可以在全新的Cargo项目中进行复制。还有Rust特定的MCVE提示。 - Shepmaster

1

正确的做法是注册您自己的窗口类，然后您可以自由定义 WM_USER + X。如果您使用别人的窗口类，则最好使用 WM_APP + X 或甚至更好的是 RegisterWindowMessage()。 - rodrigo

@rodrigo 感谢您的见解，我将切换到 WM_APP！从文档中可以看出，RegisterWindowMessage() 用于处理相同消息的2个或更多应用程序，因此我会避免使用 - 这里只有一个简单的应用程序。@Shepmaster 它对于请求范围来说是最小的。但是，我要和你说实话，它不会是 语法上有效 的，因为我不知道如何做到这一点。因此，我们在这里。Rust 中的 'NOTIFYICONDATAA 需要提供我不想提供的输入 - 这是许多 语法奇妙 的障碍之一！ - user2403531

你的代码仍然不符合语法规范。请尝试编译一次。 - Shepmaster

1个回答

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- user2403531 · Accepted Answer

我自己动手前往Rust中的winapi源代码https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs/issues/725并得到了足够的帮助，成功解决了这个问题。作为额外的奖励，代码现在语法上是有效的！

需要进行一些升级，主要包括：

将字符串转换为UTF-16格式以供操作系统读取
将该UTF-16写入一个128位长的uint16向量数组
在unsafe{ }之外创建nid，以便在其他地方使用
切换到winapi调用的W系列，而不是A系列（除了A系列想要一些奇怪的东西，如在LoadIcon[letter]中使用int8而不是uint16之外，我不确定两者之间的区别）

下面是正常工作的代码：

//-----Import Libraries (called crates)-----
extern crate winapi;
//-----Import Built-in Libraries (not called crates)-----
use std::process::Command; //use cmd.exe
use std::mem::{size_of, zeroed}; //get size of stuff and init with zeros
use std::ptr::null_mut; //use a null pointer (I think)
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;

fn main()
{
// to navigate calling with the winapi "crate" use the search function at link
// https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html
let hWnd = unsafe { winapi::um::wincon::GetConsoleWindow }; //gets the current console window handle

//System Tray Icon support - here it is
let WM_MYMESSAGE = winapi::um::winuser::WM_APP + 100; //prep WM_MYMESSAGE
let mut trayToolTip = "Tool tip words here".to_string(); //record tooltip words for the icon
let mut trayToolTipInt: [u16; 128] = [0; 128]; //fill with 0's
let trayToolTipStrStep: &str = &*trayToolTip; //these two types of strings
let mut trayToolTipStepOS = OsStr::new(trayToolTipStrStep); //convert to OS string format or something
let mut trayToolTipStepUTF16 = trayToolTipStepOS.encode_wide().collect::<Vec<u16>>(); //now actually convert to UTF16 format for the OS
trayToolTipInt[..trayToolTipStepUTF16.len()].copy_from_slice(&trayToolTipStepUTF16); //record it in that nice integer holder

let mut nid: winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAW = unsafe{ zeroed() }; //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it 
unsafe
{
    nid.cbSize = size_of::<winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAW>() as u32; //prep
    nid.hWnd = hWnd(); //links the console window
    nid.uID = 1001; //it's a number
    nid.uCallbackMessage = WM_MYMESSAGE; //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
    nid.hIcon = winapi::um::winuser::LoadIconW(null_mut(), winapi::um::winuser::IDI_APPLICATION); //icon idk
    nid.szTip = trayToolTipInt; //tooltip for the icon
    nid.uFlags = winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_MESSAGE | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_ICON | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_TIP; //who knows
};

//let mut nidszTipLength = trayToolTip.chars().count() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) indirectly (not the right size!)
let mut nidszTipLength = trayToolTipStepUTF16.len() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) for the UTF-16 format, which is what Windows cares about

unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_ADD, &mut nid) }; //shows the icon
let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

trayToolTip = "An updated tooltip is now here!".to_string(); //update the tooltip string
trayToolTipInt = [0; 128]; //fill with 0's (clear it out I hope)
let trayToolTipStrStep: &str = &*trayToolTip; //these two types of strings are hella annoying
trayToolTipStepOS = OsStr::new(trayToolTipStrStep); //convert to OS string format or something
trayToolTipStepUTF16 = trayToolTipStepOS.encode_wide().collect::<Vec<u16>>(); //now actually convert to UTF16 format for the OS
trayToolTipInt[..trayToolTipStepUTF16.len()].copy_from_slice(&trayToolTipStepUTF16); //record it in that nice integer holder
nid.szTip = trayToolTipInt; //tooltip for the icon
//nidszTipLength = trayToolTip.chars().count() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) indirectly (not the right size!)
nidszTipLength = trayToolTipStepUTF16.len() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) for the UTF-16 format, which is what Windows cares about
unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_MODIFY, &mut nid) }; //updates system tray icon

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_DELETE, &mut nid) }; //deletes system tray icon when done

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

}

还有不要忘记在你的 Cargo.toml 中包含以下内容！

[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
winapi = { version = "*", features = ["winuser","wincon","shellapi"] }