使用Python创建二维坐标系

Question

我在Python方面真的是个新手。现在，我正在做一个涉及创建2D坐标列表的项目。这些坐标应该是均匀分布的，使用一个正方形网格(10*10)，如(0,0)(0,1)(0,2)(0,3)...(0,10)(1,0)(1,2)(1,3)...(2,0)(2,1)(2,2)...(10,10)。

以下是我的代码：

coordinate = []
x = 0
y = 0
while y < 10:
    while x < 10:
        coordinate.append((x,y))
        x += 1
    coordinate.append((x,y))
    y += 1
print(coordinate)

但我只能得到：[(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0), (4, 0), (5, 0), (6, 0), (7, 0), (8, 0), (9, 0), (10, 0), (10, 1), (10, 2), (10, 3), (10, 4), (10, 5), (10, 6), (10, 7), (10, 8), (10, 9)]

我应该如何重写代码以获取所有点？

- Jianli Cheng

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对于未来可能遇到此问题的任何人，请注意，他的问题源于在循环开始时未重置 x = 0！ - J_mie6

Answer 1

通常使用一对for循环来实现此操作：

coordinates = []

for x in range(11):
  for y in range(11):
    coordinates.append((x, y))

通常情况下，我们可以通过将其转换为列表推导式来简化它：

coordinates = [(x,y) for x in range(11) for y in range(11)]

- erewok

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这种方法的问题在于 coordinates[j] 是指第 j 个坐标，而不是第 j 个坐标元组：例如，coordinates[11] 是 (1,0) 而不是 (10, 10)。 - AltShift

这里有一个解决方案，它使用一个类来定义坐标对作为点：https://dev59.com/1GjWa4cB1Zd3GeqPro7V。 - AltShift

Answer 2

from itertools import product

x = (0, 1, 2)

test = product(x, x)

结果：

>>> for ele in test:
...     print ele
... 
(0, 0)
(0, 1)
(0, 2)
(1, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 2)
(2, 0)
(2, 1)
(2, 2)

请注意，test是一个生成器，因此您可能希望使用list(test)。

- Akavall

Answer 3

实际上回答你的问题，第一次运行 x=0..9 后，您忘记将 x 重置为零：

coordinate = []

y = 0
while y < 10:
    x = 0
    while x < 10:
        coordinate.append((x,y))
        x += 1
    coordinate.append((x,y))
    y += 1
print(coordinate)

当然，你可以随意使用其他变体。

- Pavel Anossov

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太好了！它起作用了！非常感谢。但我还有一个问题：如何使我的屏幕输出不带逗号和括号？像0 0;0 1;0 2这样。 - Jianli Cheng

你需要循环遍历coordinate并自己格式化输出。首先阅读有关for循环的内容，尝试逐个打印每对坐标。如果遇到问题，请发布另一个问题。 - Pavel Anossov

Answer 4

使用 itertools.product：

>>> from itertools import product
>>> list(product(range(11), repeat=2))
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (0, 5), (0, 6), (0, 7), (0, 8), (0, 9), (0, 10), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (1, 10), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (2, 10), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (3, 10), (4, 0), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (4, 10), (5, 0), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (5, 10), (6, 0), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9), (6, 10), (7, 0), (7, 1), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 4), (7, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7), (7, 8), (7, 9), (7, 10), (8, 0), (8, 1), (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6), (8, 7), (8, 8), (8, 9), (8, 10), (9, 0), (9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6), (9, 7), (9, 8), (9, 9), (9, 10), (10, 0), (10, 1), (10, 2), (10, 3), (10, 4), (10, 5), (10, 6), (10, 7), (10, 8), (10, 9), (10, 10)]

上述代码等同于这个嵌套的列表推导式：

>>> [(x, y) for x in range(11) for y in range(11)]
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (0, 5), (0, 6), (0, 7), (0, 8), (0, 9), (0, 10), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (1, 10), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (2, 10), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (3, 10), (4, 0), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (4, 10), (5, 0), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (5, 10), (6, 0), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9), (6, 10), (7, 0), (7, 1), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 4), (7, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7), (7, 8), (7, 9), (7, 10), (8, 0), (8, 1), (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6), (8, 7), (8, 8), (8, 9), (8, 10), (9, 0), (9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6), (9, 7), (9, 8), (9, 9), (9, 10), (10, 0), (10, 1), (10, 2), (10, 3), (10, 4), (10, 5), (10, 6), (10, 7), (10, 8), (10, 9), (10, 10)]

- Ashwini Chaudhary

Answer 5

使用 for 循环。它让您遍历称为“迭代器”的东西。 range 是一种内置函数，它从其起始参数（第一个参数）返回一个迭代器，到其结束参数（第二个参数）非包含性。 因此，range(0,11) 将返回 0、1、2、...、10。

coordinate = []
for y in range(0, 11):
    for x in range(0, 11):
        coordinate.append((x,y))
print(coordinate)

如需了解Python中的for循环更多信息，请查看官方维基页面。

- Shashank

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谢谢您的回复。另外，我该如何使我的屏幕输出不带逗号和括号？例如0 0;0 1;0 2，而不是(0,0)(0,1)(0,2)。谢谢。 - Jianli Cheng