我的Python脚本beak
包含以下shebang:
#!/usr/bin/env python
当我运行脚本$ ./beak
时,我得到的结果是:
env: python\r: No such file or directory
我之前从仓库中拉取了这个脚本。这可能是什么原因呢?
我的Python脚本beak
包含以下shebang:
#!/usr/bin/env python
当我运行脚本$ ./beak
时,我得到的结果是:
env: python\r: No such file or directory
我之前从仓库中拉取了这个脚本。这可能是什么原因呢?
在vim
或vi
中打开文件,然后执行以下命令:
:set ff=unix
保存并退出:
:wq
完成!
ff
代表文件格式,可以接受unix
(\n
)、dos
(\r\n
)和mac
(\r
)的值(仅适用于早期Intel Macs使用unix
)。
要了解更多关于ff
命令的信息:
:help ff
:wq
代表写入并退出,更快的等效方式是Shift+zz(即按住Shift键,然后连续按两次z
键)。
这两个命令必须在命令模式下使用。
离题: 如果你不小心被困在vim中需要退出,这里有一些简单的方法。
实际上不需要在vim中打开文件。可以直接从命令行进行修改:
vi +':wq ++ff=unix' file_with_dos_linebreaks.py
处理多个*.py
文件(在bash
中):
for file in *.py ; do
vi +':w ++ff=unix' +':q' "${file}"
done
虽然看起来无害,但上面的bash语法会在包含空格、引号、破折号等文件名的情况下出现错误。一个更可靠的替代方案是:
find . -iname '*.py' -exec vi +':w ++ff=unix' +':q' {} \;
有时候即使设置了Unix换行符,运行文件时仍然可能会出现错误,特别是当文件是可执行的、带有shebang并且在没有用python
前缀运行时。脚本可能带有BOM标记(如0xEFBBBF
或其他),这会使得shebang无效并导致shell报错。在这些情况下,python myscript.py
将正常工作(因为Python 可以处理BOM),但是当执行位被设置时,./myscript.py
将失败,因为你的shell(sh、bash、zsh等)无法处理BOM标记。(通常是Windows编辑器,如记事本,创建带有BOM标记的文件。)
可以通过在vim
中打开文件并执行以下命令来移除BOM:
:set nobomb
脚本包含CR字符。Shell将这些CR字符解释为参数。
解决方案:使用以下脚本从脚本中删除CR字符。
with open('beak', 'rb+') as f:
content = f.read()
f.seek(0)
f.write(content.replace(b'\r', b''))
f.truncate()
你可以使用以下方法将行尾转换为*nix友好格式:
dos2unix beak
brew install dos2unix
- jdempcyfalsetru的答案确实解决了我的问题。我编写了一个小助手,可以将多个文件的行结尾规范化。由于我对多平台等行结尾内容不是很熟悉,因此程序中使用的术语可能不完全正确。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (c) 2013 Niklas Rosenstein
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
import os
import sys
import glob
import argparse
def process_file(name, lend):
with open(name, 'rb') as fl:
data = fl.read()
data = data.replace('\r\n', '\n').replace('\r', '\n')
data = data.replace('\n', lend)
with open(name, 'wb') as fl:
fl.write(data)
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Convert line-endings of one '
'or more files.')
parser.add_argument('-r', '--recursive', action='store_true',
help='Process all files in a given directory recursively.')
parser.add_argument('-d', '--dest', default='unix',
choices=('unix', 'windows'), help='The destination line-ending '
'type. Default is unix.')
parser.add_argument('-e', '--is-expr', action='store_true',
help='Arguments passed for the FILE parameter are treated as '
'glob expressions.')
parser.add_argument('-x', '--dont-issue', help='Do not issue missing files.',
action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('files', metavar='FILE', nargs='*',
help='The files or directories to process.')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Determine the new line-ending.
if args.dest == 'unix':
lend = '\n'
else:
lend = '\r\n'
# Process the files/direcories.
if not args.is_expr:
for name in args.files:
if os.path.isfile(name):
process_file(name, lend)
elif os.path.isdir(name) and args.recursive:
for dirpath, dirnames, files in os.walk(name):
for fn in files:
fn = os.path.join(dirpath, fn)
process_file(fn, fn)
elif not args.dont_issue:
parser.error("File '%s' does not exist." % name)
else:
if not args.recursive:
for name in args.files:
for fn in glob.iglob(name):
process_file(fn, lend)
else:
for name in args.files:
for dirpath, dirnames, files in os.walk('.'):
for fn in glob.iglob(os.path.join(dirpath, name)):
process_file(fn, lend)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
pip install pdfminer.six
命令来安装pdf2txt.py
和dumppdf.py
。现在错误已经消失了,它们可以正常工作了。 - pouya